A&P1 Chapter 7 Lecture 2

Question 1

What types of cells can osteogenic cells become

Answer 1

Chondroblasts, osteoblasts

Question 2

What do osteogenic cells come from

Answer 2

Embryonic mesenchyme

Question 3

Where are osteogenic cells found

Answer 3

Endosteum and inner cellular layer of periosteum

Question 4

What type of bone cell can osteogenic cells not give rise to

Answer 4

Osteoclasts

Question 5

Can osteoblasts do mitosis

Answer 5

No

Question 6

what is the usual shape of osteoblasts

Answer 6

Cuboidal or angular

Question 7

Where are osteoblasts found

Answer 7

Single layer on the surface of bone, just below the peri or endosteum

Question 8

What is the first thing secreted by osteoblasts

Answer 8

Soft matrix

Question 9

What organelle produces soft matrix

Answer 9

Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi

Question 10

What does the soft matrix contain

Answer 10

Precursors of hydroxyapatite

Question 11

What is hydroxyapatite

Answer 11

Complex form of calcium phosphate

Question 12

Chief structural element of all vertebrate bone

Answer 12

Hydroxyapatite

Question 13

Ossification

Answer 13

Formation of bone by osteoblasts, cells surround themselves with matrix (hydroxyapatite), matrix hardens

Question 14

How do osteocytes communicate with each other and exchange materials

Answer 14

Processes connecting them with gap junctions

Question 15

Osteocytes

Answer 15

Mature bone cells, osteoblasts trapped in matrix

Question 16

Spaces where the osteocyte cell body is

Answer 16

Lacunae

Question 17

Spaces through which osteocyte processes pass

Answer 17

Canaliculi

Question 18

Functions of osteocytes

Answer 18

• Resorb or deposit matrix
• Homeostatic density of calcium and phosphate
• Stress sensors

Question 19

How do osteocytes act as stress sensors

Answer 19

When force is applied, extracellular and intracellular fluid flows through the processes and allows remodeling of changes

Question 20

Osteoclasts

Answer 20

Bone dissolving cells on the bone surfaces

Question 21

What is the characteristic feature of the shape of osteoclasts

Answer 21

Ruffled border

Question 22

Where can osteoclasts be found

Answer 22

cellular layer of the periosteum, sometimes endosteum

Question 23

Where do osteoclasts come from

Answer 23

stem cells in bone marrow, monocytes

Question 24

What are monocytes

Answer 24

white blood cells that develop when they have multiple stem cells fused together

Question 25

What is the function of the ruffled border of osteoclasts

Answer 25

Increase surface area, enhance efficiency of bone resorption

Question 26

What do osteoclasts contain that breaks down bone tissue

Answer 26

Packets of hydrogen ions and enzymes that when released form an acid

Question 27

Fractions of organic and inorganic components of matrix

Answer 27

1/3 organic, 2/3 inorganic

Question 28

What is the organic component of matrix made by

Answer 28

Osteoblasts

Question 29

What does the organic component of the matrix contain

Answer 29

Collagen, elastin, other protein-carbohydrate complexes

Question 30

What does the inorganic component of the matrix contain

Answer 30

Hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate

Question 31

What is the function of the hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate in bone

Answer 31

Give bones structure and flexibility