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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Chapter 1 Lecture 3 - Characteristics of Life, Homeostasis, Feedback, and Gradients > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Lecture 3 - Characteristics of Life, Homeostasis, Feedback, and Gradients Flashcards

1
Q

Stimulus

A

Change to activate reaction

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2
Q

What does the stimulus activate

A

Afferent signal

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3
Q

Controller

A

Typically the brain, processes info and sends output

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4
Q

What does the controller send

A

Efferent signal

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5
Q

Gradient Flow

A

Movement of things from high to low

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6
Q

Characteristics of Life

A
  1. Organization
  2. Metabolism
  3. Responsiveness
  4. Homeostasis
  5. Development
  6. Reproduction
  7. Evolution
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7
Q

Organization

A

Specific relationships and functions within the body

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8
Q

Metabolism

A

Chemical reactions

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9
Q

Responsiveness

A

Ability to sense and react to changes

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10
Q

Homeostasis

A

Stability

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11
Q

Development

A

Changes over time

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12
Q

Growth

A

Change in size and/or number of cells

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13
Q

Differentiation

A

Change of cells from general to specialized

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14
Q

Reproduction

A

New cells / organisms

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15
Q

Evolution

A

Change over time due to genetic mutations

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16
Q

Set Point

A

Ideal normal values of a variable

17
Q

Normal Range

A

Values of a variable in which it is in normal function, as it fluctuates around set point

18
Q

Equilibrium

A

Dynamic state of balance achieved by maintaining homeostasis

19
Q

What feedback loops oppose change

A

Negative

20
Q

What feedback loops amplify change

A

Positive

21
Q

Stimulus in terms of set point

A

Deviates set point

22
Q

Receptor

A

Monitors value of a variable

23
Q

Control Center in terms of Set Point

A

Establishes set point

24
Q

Effector

A

Drives response, and changes value of a variable

25
Q

Response

A

Produced by effector as a reaction to a deviation from the set point

26
Q

Steps to feedback systems

A
  1. Stimulus produces change
  2. Receptor detects change
  3. Afferent signal sent through afferent pathway to control center
  4. Control center sends info through efferent pathway to the effector
  5. Effector reduces effect of stimulus to return to the set point through a response
27
Q

Positive feedback loop

A

System that when stimulus happens, a greater change occurs, climatic event with rapid change, leads away from homeostasis

28
Q

Gradient

A

Difference between two points

29
Q

Example of Gradient

A
  1. Sodium levels in vs out of cell

2. Oxygen levels in lung vs blood

30
Q

Types of gradients

A
  1. Pressure
  2. Concentration
  3. Electrical
  4. Thermal
31
Q

Why does flow typically move from high to low?

A

It is easier because it is a passive process. It does not require any energy input.

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (20 decks)

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