Chapter 2 Lecture 1 - Chemical Elements, Atom Structure, Isotopes, Ions, Electrolytes, and Free Radicals Flashcards
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has a mass
Mass
Amount of matter in object
Weight
Gravitational force acting on object of a given mass
Element
Simplest type of matter with unique chemical properties, composed of atoms of only 1 type
Atom
Smallest single particle of an element that has the chemical characteristics of that element
Subatomic Particles
Make up atoms,
- Neutrons = 0
- Protons = +
- Electrons = -
What occupies the greatest volume of an atom
Electrons
How many electrons fill the first shell
2
How many electrons fill the second shell
8
What electrons can interact with other atoms
valence
Atomic #
Num of protons
Mass Number
Num of protons + num of neutrons
6 Major Elements of the human body
- O
- C
- H
- N
- Ca
- P
Mineral
inorganic element extracted from the soil, passed to the human through the food chain
Isotopes
2 or more forms of the same element but with different number of neutrons
Atomic Mass
average mass of naturally occurring isotopes
Ion
Charged particle with unequal num of protons and electrons
Cation
Loses an electron, +
Anion
Gains an electron, -
How are ions fomed
When electrons are passed from 1 element to another through IONIZATION
Electrolytes
Substances that ionize in water, and form solutions capable of conducting electricity
Examples of electrolytes
- CaCl2 dissociates into Ca2+ and 2Cl-
2. NaCl dissociates into Na+ and Cl-
What is the function of electrolytes in the human body
Detect chemical activity (Muscle, Heart, Brain)
Free Radical
Chemical particles with odd numbers of electrons, very unstable
What are free radicals produced by
Metabolic Reactions, Radiation or chemical exposure
Antioxidant
Chemical that neutralizes free radicals
