Chapter 2 Lecture 1 - Chemical Elements, Atom Structure, Isotopes, Ions, Electrolytes, and Free Radicals

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that occupies space and has a mass

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

Amount of matter in object

Question 3

Weight

Answer 3

Gravitational force acting on object of a given mass

Question 4

Element

Answer 4

Simplest type of matter with unique chemical properties, composed of atoms of only 1 type

Question 5

Atom

Answer 5

Smallest single particle of an element that has the chemical characteristics of that element

Question 6

Subatomic Particles

Answer 6

Make up atoms,

1. Neutrons = 0
2. Protons = +
3. Electrons = -

Question 7

What occupies the greatest volume of an atom

Answer 7

Electrons

Question 8

How many electrons fill the first shell

Answer 8

2

Question 9

How many electrons fill the second shell

Answer 9

8

Question 10

What electrons can interact with other atoms

Answer 10

valence

Question 11

Atomic #

Answer 11

Num of protons

Question 12

Mass Number

Answer 12

Num of protons + num of neutrons

Question 13

6 Major Elements of the human body

Answer 13

• O
• C
• H
• N
• Ca
• P

Question 14

Mineral

Answer 14

inorganic element extracted from the soil, passed to the human through the food chain

Question 15

Isotopes

Answer 15

2 or more forms of the same element but with different number of neutrons

Question 16

Atomic Mass

Answer 16

average mass of naturally occurring isotopes

Question 17

Ion

Answer 17

Charged particle with unequal num of protons and electrons

Question 18

Cation

Answer 18

Loses an electron, +

Question 19

Anion

Answer 19

Gains an electron, -

Question 20

How are ions fomed

Answer 20

When electrons are passed from 1 element to another through IONIZATION

Question 21

Electrolytes

Answer 21

Substances that ionize in water, and form solutions capable of conducting electricity

Question 22

Examples of electrolytes

Answer 22

1. CaCl2 dissociates into Ca2+ and 2Cl-

2. NaCl dissociates into Na+ and Cl-

Question 23

What is the function of electrolytes in the human body

Answer 23

Detect chemical activity (Muscle, Heart, Brain)

Question 24

Free Radical

Answer 24

Chemical particles with odd numbers of electrons, very unstable

Question 25

What are free radicals produced by

Answer 25

Metabolic Reactions, Radiation or chemical exposure

Question 26

Antioxidant

Answer 26

Chemical that neutralizes free radicals