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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Chapter 3 Lecture 2 - Plasma membrane components, proteins > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Lecture 2 - Plasma membrane components, proteins Flashcards

1
Q

What is the plasma membrane made of?

A

Phospholipids, cholesterol, membrane proteins

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2
Q

What percentage of the membrane do lipids make up

A

98

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3
Q

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane

A

To separate intra and extracellular material.

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4
Q

What are the two sides of the membrane called

A

Intracellular and extracellular faces

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5
Q

Basic structure of the phospholipid

A

Hydrophillic head, hydrophobic tail

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6
Q

What is the hydrophobic head of phospholipids made of

A

Glycerol and phosphate

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7
Q

What is the hydrophobic tail of phospholipids made of

A

1 saturated and 1 unsaturated fatty acid

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8
Q

What is a special property of phospholipids

A

They are amphipathic

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9
Q

What is it called when something has a polar and a nonpolar side

A

amphipathic

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10
Q

How is cholesterol positioned in the cell membrane

A

Interspersed among phospholipids

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11
Q

What effect does cholesterol have on the bilayer

A

It affects its fluidity

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12
Q

What is the fluidity of the membrane with no cholesterol

A

Average fluidity

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13
Q

What is the fluidity of the membrane when there is a small amount of cholesterol

A

More stiff

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14
Q

What is the fluidity of the membrane when there is a large amount of cholesterol, and why

A

More fluid, prevents phospholipids from tightly packing

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15
Q

What is the fuzzy coating extending from the plasma membrane

A

Glycocalyx

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16
Q

What is the glycocalyx made of

A

glycolipids and glycoproteins

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17
Q

What are glycolipids

A

Phospholipids with short carbohydrate chains attached

18
Q

What are glycoproteins

A

Proteins with carbohydrates attached

19
Q

What are the functions of the glycocalyx

A
  1. Protection
  2. Cell adhesion
  3. Identification
20
Q

How does the glycocalyx protect cells

A

It acts as a cushion and protects from chemical injury

21
Q

What is cell adhesion

A

Cells sticking to one another

22
Q

How does the glycocalyx help with identification

A

Distinguishing self and non self, sperm recognizes egg, and guides early cells to location where they divide and specialize

23
Q

Term used to describe constant motion of membrane

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

24
Q

What are the fluid properties of the membrane

A
  • Molecules are distributed in the membrane
  • Phospholipids reassemble if damaged
  • Membranes can fuse with one another
25
Q

What percent of the membrane is made of proteins

A

2%

26
Q

What percent of the weight of the membrane is made of proteins

A

50%

27
Q

What are the classes of proteins

A

Integral/Intrinsic/Transmembrane
and
Peripheral/Extrinsic

28
Q

What are proteins that stretch across the plasma membrane

A

Integral/Intrinsic/Transmembrane

29
Q

What are proteins that are on one side of the membrane

A

Peripheral/Extrinsic

30
Q

What are some types of Integral proteins

A
  • Receptors
  • Enzymes
  • Transport
  • Cell-Identity antigens
  • Cell adhesion
31
Q

What are receptors

A

Proteins that bind to certain chemical signals that are specific messages

32
Q

Types of Transport proteins

A

Channel, and Carrier

33
Q

What are Cell Identiy antigens part of

A

Glycocalyx

34
Q

What binds to receptors

A

Ligands

35
Q

What part of receptors do ligands bind to

A

Receptor site

36
Q

What are ligands

A

Chemical signal molecules

37
Q

What are two types of channel proteins

A

Non-gated, and gated

38
Q

What are two types of carrier proteins

A

Non-ATP powered, and ATP powered pump

39
Q

Describe a non-gated ion channel

A

Always open, diffusion of ions, leakage channels

40
Q

Describe gated ion channels

A

Opened or closed by certain stimuli, if closed, no ions can pass

41
Q

Examples of gated ion channels

A

Voltage gated, ligand gated, stress activated

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (20 decks)

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