Chapter 3: Learning and Memory Flashcards
What is learning?
The way we acquire new behaviors
What is habituation?
A decrease in response due to repeated exposure to the same stimulus
A stimulus that is too weak to elicit a response is called a ?
Subthreshold stimulus
What is dishabituation?
The recovery of a response to a stimulus after habituation has occurred
When a 2nd stimulus is presented during habituation of 1st stimulus
When does dishabituation usually happen?
Late in th habituation of a stimulus
The presentation of a different stimulus causes dishabituation
What is associative learning?
The association or pairing between 2 stimuli or between a behavior and response
What are the 2 main types of associative learning?
- Classical conditioning
- Operant conditioning
Any stimulus that brings about a reflexive response is called an ____________________ stimulus.
Unconditioned
The innate or reflexive response is called an ____________________ stimulus.
Unconditioned
Many stimuli do not produce a reflexive resopnse and are known as ________ stimuli.
Neutral
A normally neutral stimulus that, through association, causes a reflexive response, is called a ____________________ stimulus.
Conditioned
The response to a conditioned stimulus is called a ____________________ response.
Conditioned
The process of using a reflexive, unconditioned stimulus to turn a neutral stimulus into a conditioned stimulus is called ____________________.
Acquisition
Conditioned responses don’t have to be permanent; the loss of a conditioned response is called ____________________.
Extinction
What causes extinction?
If the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus
e.g. bell rings, but no meat presented to dog
The extinction of a response is not always permanent; presenting subjects again with an extinct conditioned stimulus can cause a weak conditioned response. This is called ____________________ ___________.
Spontaneous recovery
What is generalization?
A stimulus similar enough to the conditioned stimulus can also produce the conditioned response
Broadening effect
What is stimuli discrimination?
Organism learns to distinguish between similar stimuli
What is operatn conditioning?
The ways in which consequences of voluntary behaviros change the frequency of those behaviors
What theory did B.F. Skinner found and what is it about?
Behaviorism - all behaviors are conditioned
A stimulus that is added is considered ____________.
Positive
A stimulus that is taken away / removed is considered ____________.
Negative
When a behavior continues, this is considered ____________________. This increases the likelihood that an animal will perform a behavior.
Reinforcement
When a behavior stops, this is considered ____________.
Punishment