Chapter 10: Social Thinking Flashcards
A component of attraction lies in the opportunity for ____-____________, or sharing one’s fears, thoughts, and goals with another person and being met with nonjudgmental empathy.
self-disclosure
________________ ________ is the phenomenon whereby people like others better when they believe the other person likes them.
Reciprocal liking
____________, or being physically close to someone, plays a factor in attraction to a person.
Proximity
The ________ ____________ effect or ____________ effect is the tendency for people to prefer stimuli that they have been exposed to more frequently.
mere exposure; familiarity
________________ is defined as a behavior that intends to cause harm or increase social dominance.
Aggression
The ____________ is the part of the brain responsible for associating stimuli and their corresponding rewards or punishments.
amygdala
tells us whether something is a threat
Higher-order brain structures, such as the ____________ cortex, can hit the brakes on a revved-up amygdala, reducing emotional reactivity and impulsiveness.
prefrontal
Higher levels of ________________ have been linked to more aggressive behavior in humans irrespective of sex or gender.
testosterone
The ____________ ________________ model states that we are more likely to respond to others aggressively whenever we are feeling negative emotions, such as being tired, sick, frustrated, or in pain.
cognitive neoassociation
Another factor that contributes to aggressive behavior is exposure to ____________ behavior.
violent
________________ is an emotional bond between a caregiver and a child that begins to develop during infancy.
Attachment
What are the 4 main attachment styles?
- Secure
- Avoidant
- Ambivalent
- Disorganized
____________ attachment is seen when a child has a consistent caregiver and is able to go out and explore, knowing there is a secure base to return to.
Secure
____________ attachement results when the caregiver has little or no response to a distressed child. Kids will share no preference between a stranger and caregiver.
avoidant
________________ attachment occurs when a caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child’s distress, sometimes responding appropriately, sometimes neglectfully. Child cannot consistently rely on caregiver; will be distressed on separation, but may be ambivalent upon return.
Ambivalent
Children with ________________ attachment show no clear pattern of behavior in response to caregiver’s absence/presence.
Disorganized
____________ ____________ is the perception or reality that one is cared for by a social network.
Social support
____________ support is listening, affirming, and empathizing with someone’s feelings.
emotional
________ support is similar, but touches more directly on affirming the qualities and skills of a person.
Esteem
____________ support is any type of financial/material contribution to another person.
Material
____________ support refers to providing information that will help someone.
Informational
____________ support is the type of social support that gives a person a sense of belonging.
Network
________, or seeking out and eating food, is driven by biological, psychological, and social influences.
Foraging
The sensation of hunger is controlled by the ________________.
hypothalamus
The ________ hypothalamus promotes hunger, while the ____________________ hypothalamus responds to cues that we are full and promotes satiety.
lateral, ventromedial
____________ refers to an exclusive mating relationship.
Monogamy
____________ means having exclusive relationships with multiple partners.
Polygamy
Having exclusive relationships with multiply females is called ____________ and with multiple males is called ____________.
polygyny; polyandry
____________ refers to a member of one sex mating with others without exclusivity.
Promiscuity
Mate ________, or ____________ selection, is the selection of a mate based on attraction.
choice; intersexual
Mate ________ refers to how choosy members of the species are while choosing a mate. Can carry direct benefits like material advantage or protection, but also indirect benefits like promoting better survival of offspring.
bias
What are the 5 recognized benefits of mate choice?
- Phenotypic benefits - observable traits that indicate increased production and survival of offspring
- Sensory bias - development of a trait to match a preexising preference that exists in the population
- Fisherian or runaway selection - a particular trait that has no effect or a negative effect on survival becomes more and more exaggerated over time
- Indicator traits - signify good health and well-being
- Genetic compatibility
____________ is a form of helping behavior in which the individual’s intent is to benefit another at some cost to the self.
altruism
____________ is the ability to vicariously experience the emotions of another, and is thought to influence helping behavior greatly.
empathy