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Analysis of Urine and Other Body Fluids > Chapter 3 - Introduction to Urinalysis > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Introduction to Urinalysis Flashcards

1
Q

Match the ff scientists with their corresponding discovery/contribution:

  1. Thomas Bryant
  2. Thomas Addis
  3. Ivan Folling
  4. William Wollaston
  5. Hippocrates
A. PKU
B. Book about pisse prophets (charlatans)
C. Cystine calculi
D. Exam of urine sediment
E. Uroscopy; 1st sputum exam
A
  1. B
  2. D
  3. A
  4. C
  5. E
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2
Q

Match the ff scientists with their corresponding discovery/contribution:

  1. Frederik Dekkers
  2. Richard Bright
  3. Ludwig Thudichum
  4. Domenico Cotugno
  5. Archibald Garrod
A. Alkaptonuria
B. CSF
C. Introduced UA as part of doctor’s routine px exam
D. Urochrome
E. Albuminuria by boiling urine
A
  1. E
  2. C
  3. D
  4. B
  5. A
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3
Q

How many percent water is urine?

A

95-97%

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4
Q

Total solids in 24 hours

A

60 g

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5
Q

How much percent are solids in urine composition?

A

3-5%

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6
Q

How much (in grams) are organic and inorganic in urine total solids?

A

35 g organic, 25 g inorganic

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7
Q

Major organic substance in urine

A

Urea

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8
Q

Principal salt in urine

A

NaCl

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9
Q

Major inorganic substance in urine

A

Chloride

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10
Q

After chloride, what is the next abundant inorganic substance in urine?

A

Sodium

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11
Q

After sodium, what is the next most abundant inorganic substance in urine?

A

Potassium

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12
Q

Which specimens are used for quantitative measurements?

A

Timed specimens

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13
Q

What specimen type is described?

At least 2 voided collection, series of blood and urine samples are collected at a specific time intervals to compare conc. of a substance in urine w/ ts conc. in blood

A

Fractional specimen

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14
Q

Fractional spn is used in the diagnosis of?

A

DM

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15
Q

Identify the specimen described:

Use of soft, clear plastic bag w/ adhesive, sterile spn obtained by catheterization/suprapubic aspiration.

A

Pediatric spn

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16
Q

Identify the spn described:

For routine and qualitative UA, not the most ideal

A

Random / occasional / single

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17
Q

Ideal specimen for routine UA

A

First morning

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18
Q

Spn used for addis count

A

12 hour

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19
Q

Spn used for GFR

A

24 hr

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20
Q

Spn used for routine screening and bacterial culture

A

Midstream clean-catch

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21
Q

What spn is described:

Bladder urine for anaerobic bacterial culture & urine cytology

A

Suprapubic aspiration

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22
Q

What spns are considered sterile? (3)

A

Catheterized, midstream clean-catch, suprapubic aspiration

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23
Q

Best spn for pregnancy test

A

First Morning

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24
Q

First morning spns are the most _____ (acidic or alkaline)

A

Acidic

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25
Most concentrated urine spn
First morning
26
2nd voided urine after a period of fasting for glucose determination
Second morning
27
Spn used for diabetic screening and monitoring
2 hour postprandial
28
urine spn optional with blood samples in glucose tolerance test
Glucose tolerance
29
What are the 2 parameters observed under the microscope for 3 glass collection?
Number of WBC and bacteria
30
regarding three glass collection - The 2nd bottle is used for?
Control
31
Describe the 3 glasses of a px with prostatic infection.
Glass 1 - few wbc and bacteria Glass 2 - none Glass 3 - 10 times greater the amount of wbc and bacteria compared with glass 1
32
Describe the 3 glasses of a px with UTI.
All glasses have many wbcs and bacteria
33
Spn used for nitrite determination
4 hour
34
Spn used for urobilinogen determination
Afternoon (2pm-4pm)
35
Process that provides documentation of proper sample identification from the time of collection to the receipt of lab results
Chain of custody
36
Required urine volume for drug spn
30-45 mL
37
Temperature of urine for drug test
32.5 to 37.7
38
Added to the toilet water reservoir to prevent specimen adulteration
Blueing agent (dye)
39
The four glass method
Stamey-Mears test
40
The Stamey-Mears test is a test for?
Prostatitis
41
Which glass/es in Stamey-Mears should we test for urinary bladder infection?
VB2
42
Which glass/es in Stamey-Mears should we test for urethral infection?
VB1
43
Regarding Stamey-Mears, having _______ (how many) WBCs per hpf is considered abnormal indicating prostatitis?
More than 10 to 20
44
Which glass/es in Stamey-Mears should we test for prostatitis?
VB3 and VB4
45
Following collection, urine specimens should be delivered to the lab promptly and tested within _____.
2 hours
46
Which parameters will increase if an unpreserved urine is not processed immediately?
”PBaON” pH, bacteria, odor, nitrite
47
What pigment is increased during prolonged standing of urine causing it to darken
Urobilin
48
Will urobilinogen increase or decrease after prolonged urine standing?
Decreased
49
After prolonged standing of urine, why do casts, RBCs and WBCs decrease?
They disintegrate in dilute alkaline urine
50
When the clarity of urine was decreased due to amorphous material, what can you do to make it clear again?
Heat
51
Least affected parameter of a urine tested after prolonged standing.
Protein
52
For nitrite determination, besides 4 hour urine what other spn can be used?
First morning
53
Preservative of choice for urine culture
Refrigeration
54
Preservative that precipitates amorphous phosphates and urates
Refrigeration
55
Preservative of choice for addis count
Formalin
56
What preservative keeps pH about 6.0, bacteriostatic at 18 g/L; can be used for culture transport?
Boric acid
57
Preservative that prevents glycolysis, good preservative for drug analysis
Sodium fluoride
58
Preservative of gray C & S tube
Boric acid
59
What preservative does not interfere with routine tests, causes odor change and 1 drop or ounce of specimen is used?
Phenol
60
For sodium fluoride, _____ may be used instead of fluoride for reagent strip testing
Benzoate
61
What preservative is described: Sample stable at room temperature for 48 hrs, it preserves bacteria, decreases pH, and is not used if urine is below minimum fill line.
Gray C & S tube
62
Excellent sediment preservative
Formalin
63
Preserves glucose & sediments well, interferes with acid precipitation test for protein
Thymol
64
What preservative: Convenient when ref is not possible; have controlled concentration concentration to minimize interference; may contain one or more of the preservatives including sodium fluoride
Commercial preservative tablets
65
Preserves cellular elements; Preservative used for cytology studies (urine cytology)
Saccomanno fixative
66
What preservative: does not interfere with routine tests, floats on urine surface, clings to pipettes & testing materials
Toluene
67
What preservative: use on automated instruments; must refrigerate within 2 hrs
Yellow plain UA tube
68
What preservative: stable for 72 hours at room temp; instrument compatible; preservative is sodium propionate
Cherry red / yellow top tube
69
preservative of choice for routine UA
Refrigeration
70
True or false: refrigeration is the ideal urine preservative
False. Ideal urine preservative does not exist
71
Addition of urine before the start of 24-hour collection period causes false ____ (increased / decreased) results.
Increased
72
Failure to include urine at the end of 24-hour urine collection period causes false ____ (increased / decreased) results.
Decreased
73
When both routine UA and culture are requested, what should be performed first?
Culture

Analysis of Urine and Other Body Fluids (18 decks)

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