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Analysis of Urine and Other Body Fluids > Chapter 16 - Gastric Fluid > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - Gastric Fluid Flashcards

1
Q

Produces gastrin

A

Specialized G cells

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2
Q

Produces HCl and intrinsic factor

A

Parietal cells

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3
Q

Intrinsic factor is needed for the absorption of ____

A

Vit B12

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4
Q

Produces pepsinogen

A

Chief cells

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5
Q

Converts pepsinogen to pepsin

A

HCl

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6
Q

Mucus-producing cells that cover the inside of the stomach

A

Foveolar cells

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7
Q

Dse causing the stomach to have no acid due to the presence of anti-parietal cell Ab or anti-Intrinsic factor Ab

A

Pernicious anemia

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8
Q

Dse causing too much acid in stomach due to non-beta islet cell adenoma of the pancreas

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

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9
Q

Which of the ff causes hyperchlorhydria

A. Pernicious anemia
B. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

A

B

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10
Q

Method of collection for gastric fluid spx

A

Gastric aspiration

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11
Q

Identify the gastric tubes described:

  1. Passed through nose
  2. Passed through mouth
  3. For evacuating gastric contents and stilling an irrigant (via mouth)
  4. For aspirating large amt of gastric contents quickly (via mouth)
A
  1. Levine
  2. Rehfuss
  3. Lavacuator tube
  4. Ewald’s tube, Edlich tube
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12
Q

Total gastric secretion during unstimulated, fasting state

A

Basal acid output (BAO)

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13
Q

Regarding BAO, routine duration of collection:

A

1 hr collection

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14
Q

Regarding BAO, duration of collection for insulin hypoglycemia test

A

2 hr collection

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15
Q

Regarding BAO 1 hr collection, it consists of ____ spx but a single 1-hr

A

Four 15-minute spx

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16
Q

Total gastric secretion after gastric stimulation

A

Maximum acid output (MAO)

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17
Q

Duration of collection for MAO

A

1 hr and 2 hr collection

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18
Q

Duration of collection for MAO when pentagastrin and histamine are used

A

1 hr collection

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19
Q

Duration of collection for MAO for insulin hypoglycemia test and when histalog is used

A

2 hr collection

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20
Q

Identify the ff test meal gastric stimulants:

  1. Bread, weak tea or water
  2. Oatmeal
  3. Biscuit
  4. Egg albumin, H2O, methylene blue
  5. Beef steak and mashed potato
A
  1. Ewald’s
  2. Boa’s
  3. Dock’s
  4. Heckman’s
  5. Riegel’s
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21
Q

Most preferred chemical stimulant

A

Pentagastrin

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22
Q

Chemical stimulant used to assess vagotomy procedure

A

Insulin

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23
Q

Enumerate the 4 chemical stimulants

A

Pentagastrin, insulin, histamine, histalog

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24
Q

Aka fictitious feeding

A

Sham feeding

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25
Q

What food is given in sham feeding?

A

Sandwich

26
Q

In pernicious anemia, what are the expected BAO, MAO and BAO/MAO ratio?

A

0

27
Q

Normal BAO, MAO and BAO/MAO ratio

A

2.5 mEq/hr ; 25.0 mEq/hr ; 10%

28
Q

Which is higher in cases of duodenal cancer, BAO or MAO?

A

MAO (30.0 mEq/hr)

-BAO is 5.0

29
Q

Which is higher in cases of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, BAO or MAO?

A

MAO (25.0 mEq/hr)

-BAO is 18.0

30
Q

Which of the ff have the highest BAO/MAO ratio?

A. Normal
B. Pernicious anemia
C. Duodenal ulcer
D. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

A

D (72%)

31
Q

Normal gastric fluid appearance

A

Pale gray w/ mucus

32
Q

Color of gastric fluid with large amt of bile

A

Yellow-green

33
Q

Color of gastric fluid with small amt of fresh blood

A

Red

34
Q

Color of gastric fluid with large amt of blood

A

Coffee ground

35
Q

Normal volume of gastric fluid (fasting spx)

A

20-50 mL

36
Q

Abnormal gastric fluid fasting spx volume

A

> 50 mL

37
Q

After Ewald’s test meal, gastric fluid volume is expected to be:

A

20-60 mL up to 120 mL

38
Q

After alcohol test meal or histamine stimulation, gastric fluid volume is expected to be?

A

45-150 mL

39
Q

Normal free HCl

A

Euchlorhydria

40
Q

Increased free HCl

A

Hyperchlorhydria

41
Q

Gastric fluid pH >3.5 but falls after gastric stimulation (decreased free HCl)

A

Hypochlorhydria

42
Q

Gastric fluid pH >3.5 and does not fall even after gastric stimulation (absence of free HCl)

A

Anachlorhydria

43
Q

Failure to produce a pH <6.0 following gastric stimulation

A

Anacidity

44
Q

Dse assoc w/ hyperchlorhydria

A

Zollinger-Ellison dse, peptic ulcer

45
Q

Dse assoc w/ hyporchlorhydria

A

Carcinoma of the stomach

46
Q

Anachlorhydria is assoc w/ what dse

A

Pernicious anemia

47
Q

Anacidity is assoc w/ what dse

A

Pernicious anemia

48
Q

Diagnex tubeless test aka

A

Diagnex blue test

49
Q

Spx for diagnex tubeless test

A

Urine

50
Q

Stain used for diagnex tubeless test

A

Azure-A

51
Q

regarding diagnex tubeless test: The amt of dye excreted in urine is an indicator of _____

A

Gastric HCl secretory activity

52
Q

Positive result for dimethylaminoazobenzol, a qualitative test for free HCl

A

Cherry red

53
Q

Lactic acid is indicative of ___

A

Advanced gastric cancer / gastric stagnation

54
Q

3 tests and their endpoint color/s for lactic acid

A

Modified Uffelmann’s, Strauss, Kelling

All of them have yellow endpoint

55
Q

Positive result for Gunzberg test

A

Purple

56
Q

Positive result for Boas

A

Rose red

57
Q

What does dimethylaminobenzol, Gunzberg and Boas test?

A

Qualitative tests for free HCl

58
Q

Titrant/s used for quanti test for gastric acidity using free HCl, total acidity and combined HCl (bound to proteins)

A

All uses sodium hydroxide as titrant

59
Q

pH indicator/s used for quanti test for gastric acidity using free HCl, total acidity and combined HCl (bound to proteins)

A

Free HCl uses Topfer’s rft or dimethylaminoazobenzol

Total acidity uses phenolphthalein

Combined HCl uses sodium alizarin

60
Q

Endpoint color/s for quanti test for gastric acidity using free HCl, total acidity and combined HCl (bound to proteins)

A

Free HCl - canary yellow

Total acidity - faint pink

Combined HCl - violet

Analysis of Urine and Other Body Fluids (18 decks)

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