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Analysis of Urine and Other Body Fluids > Chapter 18 - Miscellaneous Topics > Flashcards

Chapter 18 - Miscellaneous Topics Flashcards

1
Q

Part of microscope: Adjust for focusing difference bet eyes

A

Diopter rings

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2
Q

Part of microscope: adjust for comfort

A

Rubber eyeguard

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3
Q

Part of microscope: loosen to rotate head

A

Eyepiece tube clamp screw

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4
Q

Part of microscope: for ease in spx manipulation

A

Reverse facing nosepiece

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5
Q

Part of microscope: use to rotate objectives

A

Revolving nosepiece

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6
Q

Part of microscope: lenses which form primary (initial) image of spx

A

Objectives

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7
Q

Part of microscope: Aperture diaphragm which restricts area of illumination

A

Field diaphragm

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8
Q

Part of microscope: adjusts size opening of field diaphragm

A

Field diaphragm control ring

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9
Q

Part of microscope: brings slide into view

A

Coarse focus knob

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10
Q

Part of microscope: sharpens image

A

Fine focus knob

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11
Q

Part of microscope: holds light source

A

Lamp socket

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12
Q

Part of microscope: indicates distance bet eyes

A

Interpupillary distance scale

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13
Q

Part of microscope: rotate to adjut for interpupillary distance; magnify image (x10) formed by objective lens

A

Eyepieces

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14
Q

Part of microscope: holds slide in place

A

Slide holder

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15
Q

Part of microscope: moves slide on stage

A

X/Y travel knobs

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16
Q

Part of microscope: focuses light into slide

A

Condenser focus knob

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17
Q

Part of microscope: hold spx

A

Stage

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18
Q

Part of microscope: loosen to remove stage

A

Stage clamp screw

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19
Q

Part of microscope: adjusts size opening of condenser

A

Condenser control ring

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20
Q

Part of microscope: aperture diaphragm that controls light

A

Condenser

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21
Q

Part of microscope: centers the field of view

A

Condenser centering screws

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22
Q

Part of microscope: turns microscope on/off; adjusts light intensity

A

Brightness control dial

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23
Q

Appearance of sediments stained with Sternheimer-Malbin stain

  1. Squamous cells
  2. Leukocytes
  3. Glitter cells
  4. Erythrocytes
  5. Yeast cells
  6. Renal cells
  7. Crystals
  8. Hyaline / waxy casts
  9. Granular casts
  10. Red blood cell casts
  11. Bacteria
  12. Spermatozoa
  13. Trichomonas
A
  1. Pale purple w/ dark purple nuclei
  2. Pale pink with purple nuclei
  3. Pale blue
  4. May not stain at all or stain pale pink
  5. Stain dark purple, or do not take the stain at all
  6. Orange-purple cytoplasm and dark nuclei
  7. Crystals do not stain
  8. May not stain at all or stain pale pink
  9. Have a pink matrix and purple granules
  10. Red-purple
  11. vary in color
  12. Blue
  13. Pale blue, nucleus is purple
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24
Q

Sternheimer-Malbinstain is now available commercially under a variety of names:

A

Sedi-stain; KOVA stain

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25
Q

Rgt for Sulfosalicyclic quali test for protein

A

Exton’s rgt: Na2SO4, SSA, dist. Water

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26
Q

Positive result for SSA quali test for protein

A

White turbidity / cloudiness

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27
Q

Identify the positive results for the ff quali tests for protein

  1. Heller
  2. Heat and acetic acid
  3. Osgood Haskin
  4. Biuret
  5. SSA
  6. Spiegler
  7. Purdy
  8. Picric acid
  9. Potassium ferricyanide
  10. Robert
A
  1. White ring
  2. White turbidity / cloudiness
  3. White turbidity / cloudiness
  4. Albumin = violet ; albuminoses, peptones = rose
  5. White turbidity / cloudiness
  6. White ring
  7. White turbidity / cloudiness
  8. White turbidity / cloudiness
  9. White turbidity / cloudiness
  10. White ring
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28
Q

Rgt in biuret for quali test for protein

A

10% NaOH/KOH

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29
Q

Identify the reading procedure for the ff quanti tests for protein

  1. Esbach
  2. Purdy
  3. Biuret
  4. Tsuchiya
  5. Kingsbury-Clark
  6. Kwilecki
A
  1. 24 deg - read height of coagulum
  2. Read the volume of precipitate
  3. Same principle as that used for serum protein - presence of peptide bonds
  4. 24 deg read height of coagulum
  5. Turbidity is measured by comparison with standard turbidities
  6. 72 deg Celsius for 5 mins - read height of coagulum
30
Q

Rgts used by the ff quanti tests for protein:

  1. Esbach
  2. Kwilecki
  3. Tsuchiya
  4. Kingsbury-Clark
A
  1. Esbach rgt: 1 g picric acid plus 2 g citric acid
  2. Esbach rgt plus 10% FeCl3
  3. PTA crystals plus 95% alcohol plus conc HCl
  4. SSA
31
Q

Rgt used for the ff tests for ketones:

  1. Rothera
  2. Legal
  3. Gerhardt
A
  1. Sodium nitroprusside + ammonium sulfate
  2. Na nitroprusside + NaOH/KOH + acetic acid
  3. 10% FeCl3
32
Q

Identify the ketone body detected and its positive results for the ff tests for ketones

  1. Frommer
  2. Lieben
  3. Gunning
  4. Rothera
  5. Lange
  6. Acetest / ketostix
  7. Legal
  8. Gerhardt
  9. Hart
  10. Osterberg
A
  1. Acetone = Purplish red ring
  2. Acetone = Yellow ppt
  3. Acetone = Yellow ppt
  4. Acetone and AAA = Rose/purple ring
  5. Acetone and AAA = Purple ring
  6. Acetone and AAA = Purple color
  7. Acetone = Purple/violet-red ; AAA = red
  8. AAA = Bordeaux red
  9. BHA = Red ring
  10. BHA = Color is compared w/ the std to determine the conc
33
Q

Identify the sugar detected and its positive color of each quali tests for sugars

  1. Fehling
  2. Trommer
  3. Rubner
  4. Borchardt / Seliwanoff
  5. Bial orcinol
  6. Tauber
  7. Ormsby
  8. Mucic acid
  9. Tollen
  10. Benedict
  11. Osazone / phenylhydrazine (kowarsky)
  12. Nylander
  13. Moore Heller
A
  1. Glu = yellow ppt
  2. Glu = yellow ppt
  3. Lac = brick red w/ red ppt ; glu = red w/ yellow ppt
  4. Fruc = red
  5. Pentoses = green
  6. Pentoses = cherry red
  7. Lac/mal = red
  8. Lac/mal/gal = white ppt
  9. Gal/pentoses = cherry red
  10. Reducing substances = green-orange-red
  11. Glu, fru, lac, gal, pentoses = crystalline needles
  12. Glu and other reducing substances = brown to black color
  13. Glu and other reducing substances = canary yellow to black
34
Q

Identify the analyte detected and its positive result in the ff tests for bile pigments

  1. Gmelin
  2. Smith
  3. Harrison spot
  4. Ictotest
  5. Ultzman
  6. Rosenbach
  7. Maher
  8. Huppert
  9. Wallace and diamond
  10. Schlesinger
  11. Fouchet
  12. Oliver
  13. Pettenkofer
A
  1. Bile pigments = play of colors
  2. Bile pigments = emerald green
  3. Bile pigments = blue to green
  4. Bile pigments = blue to purple mat
  5. Bile pigments = green
  6. Bile pigments = band of colored rings
  7. Bile pigments = green
  8. Bile pigments = green
  9. UBG = greenish fluorescence
  10. Bilirubin = greenish-blue
  11. Bile acids = milky turbidity
  12. Bile acids = red ring
35
Q

Positive result for the ff tests for hgb

  1. Benzidine
  2. Guaiac
  3. Ortho-toluidine
A
  1. Green-blue
  2. Blue
  3. Blue
36
Q

Rgt for the ff tests for hgb

  1. Benzidine
  2. Guaiac
  3. Ortho-toluidine
A
  1. Benzidine powder in glacial acetic acid plus 3% H2O2
  2. 10% acetic acid plus 95% alcohol plus Guaiac powder
  3. Ortho-toluidine plus H2O2
37
Q

Positive result for the ff tests for melanin

  1. Screening test
  2. Thormahlen
  3. Blackberg and Wanger
A
  1. Urine will turn brown to black
  2. Dark green or blue
  3. Brown to black ppt
38
Q

How is the screening test for melanin performed?

A

With FeCl3, let urine to stand for 24 hrs

39
Q

Positive result for the ff testsfor chloride

  1. Fantus
  2. Mercurimeric titration (Schales and Schales)
A
  1. Reddish ppt

2. Blue-violet colored complex

40
Q

Positive results for the ff tests for calcium

  1. Sulkowitch
  2. Barney
A
  1. Precipitation

2. Turbidity

41
Q

Composition of duodenal contents

A

Pancreatic exocrine secretion, bile, intestinal secretion mixed with gastric excretion, possibly partially digested food

42
Q

Major contributor to duodenal content

A

Pancreatic exocrine secretion

43
Q

Normal volume of pancreatic exocrine secretion

A

1,500 mL/day

44
Q

Normal volume for bile entering the duodenum

A

500-1000 mL daily

45
Q

Appearance of pancreatic exocrine secretion

A

Colorless, clear, nonviscid

46
Q

pH of pancreatic exocrine secretion

A

Approx. 8.0

47
Q

Major cation in pancreatic exocrine secretion

A

Sodium

48
Q

Major anion in pancreatic exocrine secretion

A

Bicarbonate

49
Q

Hormones that stimulate pancreatic secretion

A

Secretin and pancreozymin

50
Q

Appearance of bile

A

Yellow to brown or green

51
Q

pH of bile

A

7-8.5

52
Q

The only enzyme present in significant amt in bile

A

ALP

53
Q

Stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to increase bile flow

A

Cholecystokinin

54
Q

Appearance of normal vaginal secretion

A

White, flocculent discharge

55
Q

Clue cells are found in which dse

A

Bacterial vaginosis

56
Q

Amine (Whiff) test positive diseases in vaginal secretions

A

Bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis

57
Q

White curd-like vaginal discharge with large clumps of epithelial cells, absent clue cells is suggestive of

A

Candidiasis

58
Q

Yellow-green frothy adherent vaginal discharge increased in volume, Whiff test positive is suggestive of

A

Trichomoniasis

59
Q

Thin, homogeneous, white-to-gray vaginal discharge, amine test positive is suggestive of

A

Bacterial vaginosis

60
Q

Identify the principle if detection of color, clarity and SG of each instruments

  1. ARKRAY, Inc
  2. IRIS diagnostics
  3. Roche diagnostics
  4. Siemens Healthcare diagnostics, Inc
A
  1. Color - photometry ; clarity - light scatter ; SG - refractive index
  2. Light transmission / light scatter ; Light transmission / light scatter ; refractive index
  3. Reflectance photometry ; turbidity ; refractometry
  4. Reflectance photometry ; light transmission / light scatter ; refractive index
61
Q

Identify whether the ff are

A. semi-automated chem instrument
B. Fully automated chem instrument
C. Automated microscopy
D. Automated urinalysis system
E. Body fluid analyzer
  1. Clinitex atlas
  2. COBAS u411
  3. ADVIA2120i with Body Fluids Software
  4. iRICELL urinalysis systems
  5. IChem velocity
  6. Clinitek status
  7. Clinitek advantus
  8. Urisys 2400 system
  9. iQ 200 automated urine microscopy
  10. iRICELL 3000 plus
  11. Auction Max AX-4030
A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. E
  4. D
  5. B
  6. A
  7. A
  8. B
  9. C
  10. D
  11. B
62
Q

Based on a team concept involving personnel at all levels working together to achieve a final outcome of customer satisfaction through implementation

A

Total quality management (TQM)

63
Q

Improving px outcomes by providing continual quality care in a constantly changing health-care environment

A

Continuous quality improvement (CQI)

64
Q

PDCA stands for

A

Plan do check act

65
Q

PDSA stands for

A

Plan do study act

66
Q

PDMAI stands for

A

Plan design measure assess improve

67
Q

Identify whether the ff are pre ana, analytical or post ana variables

  1. Turnaround time
  2. Lab staff competence
  3. Px identification
  4. Spx collection technique
  5. External and internal quality control
  6. Monitoring of spx condition
  7. Accuracy in transcription and filing of results
  8. Assay validation and instrument selection
  9. Monitoring of spx condition
  10. Selection of assay relative to px need
  11. Content and format of lab report, narrative report, reference interval and therapeutic range
  12. Cost analysis
A
  1. Post
  2. Ana
  3. Pre
  4. Pre
  5. Ana
  6. Pre
  7. Post
  8. Ana
  9. Pre
  10. Pre
  11. Post
  12. Post
68
Q

Identify whether the quality control of the ff are

A. Daily basis
B. Weekly basis
C. Biweekly basis
D. Monthly basis
E. Every 3 mos or quarterly
F. Annually
  1. Disinfection of centrifuges
  2. Diluents checked for contam
  3. Speed of cytocentrifuge checked
  4. Calibration of centri
  5. Rgt strips
  6. Temp of ref and water baths
  7. Professional cleaning of microscope
  8. Check pH and purity meter resistance of deionized water for rgt prep
A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. D
  4. E
  5. A
  6. A
  7. F
  8. B
69
Q

Instruments used in calibrating centri

A

Tachometer, stopwatch, strobe light

70
Q

Give the sensitivity of the ff urine rgt strip parameter in multistix

  1. pH
  2. Glu
  3. Protein
  4. Bili
  5. SG
  6. Ketone
  7. Blood
  8. UBG
  9. Nitrite
  10. Leukocytes
A
  1. 5 to 8.5 in 0.5 increments
  2. 75-125 mg/dL
  3. 15-30 mg/dL albumin
  4. 0.4-0.8 mg/dL
  5. 1.000 to 1.030
  6. 5-10 mg/dL
  7. 5-20 RBCs/mL, 0.015-0.062 mg/dL hgb
  8. 0.2 mg/dL
  9. 0.06-0.1 mg/dL
  10. 5-15 WBC/hpf

Analysis of Urine and Other Body Fluids (18 decks)

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