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Analysis of Urine and Other Body Fluids > Chapter 1 - Safety in the Laboratory > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Safety in the Laboratory Flashcards

1
Q

Potentially harmful microorganisms

A

Biological hazard

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2
Q

The chain of infection requires a continuous link between:

A

Source, mode transmission, susceptible host

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3
Q

6 components of the chain of infection

A

Infectious agent, reservoir, exit, means of transmission, entry portal, susceptible host

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4
Q

The best way to break the chain of infection

A

Handwashing

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5
Q

What is the primary method of infection transmission?

A

Hand contact

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6
Q

PPE stands for?

A

Personal protective equipment

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7
Q

When hands are visibly soiled, then…

A

Wash hands with soap and water

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8
Q

When hands are not visibly soiled then…

A

Apply alcohol based hand-rub (ex: sanitizer)

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9
Q

Handwashing procedure: wet hands with _____ water.

A

Warm

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10
Q

The most important part of handwashing.

A

Friction

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11
Q

Handwashing procedure: thoroughly clean between fingers, including thumbs, under fingernails and rings, and up to the wrist for at least _______. (How long?)

A

15 seconds

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12
Q

Handwashing procedure: hands are rinsed in what position?

A

Downward

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13
Q

Handwashing procedure: turn off faucets with ____ to prevent recontamination.

A

Clean paper towel

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14
Q

What is the handwashing song?

A

Happy birthday song

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15
Q

The handwashing song should be sung how many times?

A

Twice

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16
Q

All biological waste, except _____, must be placed in appropriate containers labeled with the _____ symbol.

A

Urine; biohazard symbol

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17
Q

The accepted biohazard label is colored ______.

A

Fluorescent orange

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18
Q

Where and how would you discard urine?

A

Pour urine into a lab sink, avoid splashing and then flush with water.

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19
Q

Disinfection of the sink using a _____ should be performed every _____.

A

Use 1:5 or 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite, everyday / daily

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20
Q

How is a 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite prepared?

A

Add 1 part sodium hypochlorite to 9 parts of water

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21
Q

The 1:10 diluted sodium hypochlorite solution is effective for how long?

A

For 1 month

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22
Q

Describe the biohazard symbol.

A

Three circles overlapping each other.

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23
Q

Symbol for sharp hazards

A

Biohazard

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24
Q

Symbol for sharp hazard (if biohazard is not on the choices)

A

Syringe with diagonal lines

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25
Q

Where do you dispose sharps?

A

Puncture-resistant containers (red)

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26
Q

The best method of radioactive waste disposal is to store the used radioactive material in a locked, marked room until the background count is down to _____ half-lives for radioiodine.

A

10

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27
Q

Symbol for chemical hazards pr poisons

A

Skull with crossed bone

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28
Q

Best first aid if a chemical spilled on your skin

A

Flush the area with water

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29
Q

When a chemical spilled on your skin, flush the area with water for at least _____ (how long?)

A

15 minutes

30
Q

Can you neutralize an acid spilled on the floor?

A

Yes

31
Q

Can you neutralize an acid spilled on your skin?

A

No

32
Q

Always add _____ to ______.

A. Water to acid
B. Acid to water

A

B. Acid to water

33
Q

Draw the NFPA hazardous material classification symbol.

A

You Were Born Right.

34
Q

NFPA stands for?

A

National Fire Protection Association

35
Q

What is the color of the quadrant where Reactivity / Stability Hazard in the NFPA chemical hazard Identification system belong?

A

Yellow

36
Q

What is the color of the quadrant where flammability hazard in the NFPA chemical hazard Identification system belong?

A

Red

37
Q

What is the color of the quadrant where health hazard in the NFPA chemical hazard Identification system belong?

A

Blue

38
Q

What is the color of the quadrant where specific hazard in the NFPA chemical hazard Identification system belong?

A

White

39
Q

In the yellow quadrant (NFPA chemical hazard ID system) what does the grade 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 indicate?

A 
0 - Stable
1 - Unstable if heated
2 - Violent chemical change
3 - Shock & heat may deteriorate
4 - May deteriorate
40
Q

In the blue quadrant (NFPA chemical hazard ID system) what does the grades 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mean?

A 
0 - normal material
1 - slightly hazardous 
2 - hazardous
3 - extreme danger
4 - deadly
41
Q

In the red quadrant (NFPA chemical hazard ID system) what does the grades 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mean?

A 
0 - will not burn 
1 - above 200 degrees Fahrenheit
2 - below 200 degrees Fahrenheit
3 - below 100 degrees Fahrenheit
4 - below 73 degrees Fahrenheit
42
Q

In the degree of hazards (hazards index), what does the grades 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 mean?

A 
0 - no or minimal hazard
1 - slight hazard
2 - moderate hazard
3 - serious hazard
4 - extreme or severe hazard
43
Q

All electrical equipment is grounded in a ______ to avoid electric shock.

A

Three-pronged plug

44
Q

If electrical shock occurs to another person what would you do?

A

Turn off the circuit breaker, unplug the equipment, move the equipment using a nonconductive glass or wood object

45
Q

Flammable chemicals should be stored in safety cabinets and _____ in a remote area.

A

Explosion-proof refrigerators

46
Q

What does the acronym RACE stands for?

A

Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish / Evacuate

47
Q

What does the acronym PASS stand for?

A

Pull the pin
Aim at the base of the fire
Squeeze handles
Sweep nozzle side to side

48
Q

Ordinary combustibles like paper, cloth, rubbish, plastic and wood belong to which fire type?

A

A

49
Q

What is the extinguisher for fire type A?

A

Water

50
Q

Electrical equipment and motor switches belong to what type of fire?

A

C

51
Q

What is the recommended extinguisher for type C fire?

A

Halon

52
Q

Detonation or arsenal fires belong to which type of fire?

A

E

53
Q

Extinguisher for type E fires

A

Allowed to burn out and nearby materials protected

54
Q

What type of hazards belong to type K fires?

A

Cooking media: grease, oils, fats

55
Q

What extinguisher is known as multipurpose?

A

Dry chemical

56
Q

Dry chemical can extinguish which type/s of fire?

A

A, B, C

57
Q

Carbon dioxide can extinguish which types of fire?

A

B, C

58
Q

Halon can extinguish which types of fire?

A

B, C

59
Q

Flammable metals like mercury, magnesium, sodium and lithium belong to which type of fire?

A

D

60
Q

What is used to extinguish type D fires?

A

Sand

61
Q

Metal X extinguishes which fire type?

A

D

62
Q

Flammable liquids like grease, gasoline, paints and oils belong to which type of fire?

A

B

63
Q

Disinfection eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms, except _____.

A

Bacterial spores

64
Q

True/False: Empty urine containers can be discarded as nonbiologically hazardous waste.

A

True

65
Q

For alkali/acid burns in the eye, wash out eye thoroughly with running water for ____ minutes.

A

15

66
Q

Which types of fire should be handled by trained personnel only?

A

D, E

67
Q

The most common all-purpose extinguisher.

A

Dry chemical extinguishers (A, B, C)

68
Q

_____ hazards are work related and include strain due to repeated positions.

A

Ergonomic

69
Q

Hazards due to extremely low temperatures

A

Cryogenic hazards

70
Q

Hazards that include centrifuges, refrigerators, autoclaves, homogenizers and glasswares.

A

Mechanical hazards

Analysis of Urine and Other Body Fluids (18 decks)

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