Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Forest Ecology & Management > Chapter 3: Forest Biomes of the World > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Forest Biomes of the World Flashcards

1
Q

What are the seven forest biomes?

A
  1. Boreal; 2. Temperate broad-leaved deciduous; 3. Temperate needle-leaved evergreen; 4. Temperate mixed; 5. Temperate broad-leaved evergreen; 6. Tropical broad-leaved evergreen; 7. Tropical broad-leaved deciduous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

This factor is the major control on climate at the global scale

A

Solar radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where on the globe is the amount of solar radiation greatest?

A

Equator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two causes for the variation in solar radiation that reaches Earth?

A
  1. The angle at which solar radiation strikes the earth’s surface 2. The length of the pathway that solar radiation must pass to reach the canopy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is seasonal temperature variation (within a similar latitudinal zone) greater for a continental or coastal location?

A

Continental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

For similar latitude and elevation, is the climate milder/more equitable in the Southern or Northern Hemisphere?

A

Southern Hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This forest biome occurs only in the Northern Hemisphere

A

Boreal forest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the greatest single area of boreal forest?

A

Eurasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the Average Net Primary Production for Boreal forests?

A

4.2 tC ha-1 yr-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are boreal forest soils nutrient-rich?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What created the parent material for the relatively young soils of the boreal forest biome?

A

Retreating glaciers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In the boreal forest biome, this can be less than one meter below the surface and restrict root zones and impede soil water drainage

A

Permafrost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is tree species diversity poor in boreal forests?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are two factors that cause low tree species diversity in boreal forests?

A

Harsh climate and recent retreat of glaciers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

These play a more important role in boreal forests that in any other forest biome

A

Bryophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are three bryophytes that are common in boreal forests?

A

Lichens, feathermoss, and sphagnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Do boreal forests have low leaf area index?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are two reasons why conifers have spiral canopies?

A

To shed snow and maximize light interception when the sun is low in the sky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are two reasons for the low leaf area index (LAI) of boreal forests?

A

Extremely short growing season and very nutrient poor soils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does ANPP stand for?

A

Aboveground net primary production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What percent of the total aboveground biomass of boreal forests do bryophytes constitute?

A

Less than 1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In boreal forests, these insulate the soil, affecting the thermal regime, nutrient cycling and productivity

A

Bryophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

This is an important natural disturbance in boreal forests

A

Fire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What three attributes of boreal forests are influenced by fire?

A

Species composition, nutrient availability, and forest productivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Are boreal forests typically highly managed?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are three reasons why boreal forests are one of the least managed forest biomes?

A

Low growth rates, extreme climate, and inaccessibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What region has the most management of natural and plantation boreal forests?

A

Nordic countries (Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

These form a coarse classification system of aquatic/terrestrial ecosystems

A

Biomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are biomes typically based on?

A

Similarities in abiotic environment and native species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What three factors typically describe land biomes?

A

Geographic location, climate, and dominant plant life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are three factors that describe biome flora?

A

Dominant life-form, leaf type, and plant spacing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are three different types of dominant life-form that can describe biome flora?

A

Tree, shrub, grass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are three different leaf types that can describe biome flora?

A

Broadleaf, needle, sclerophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are two examples of types of plant spacing that can describe biome flora?

A

Forest and savanna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are six factors that affect biome distribution?

A

Climatic, geologic, edaphic, biotic, historic, cyclic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What does edaphic refer to?

A

Soils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are three ways climate can affect biome distribution?

A

Temperature, precipitation, humidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are two geologic effects on biome distribution?

A

Bedrock and topography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are two edaphic effects on biome distribution?

A

Nutrients and pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are two biotic effects on biome distribution?

A

Competition and disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are two historic effects on biome distribution?

A

Catastrophes and faunal bridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are two cyclic effects on biome distribution?

A

El nino and fires

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the dominant factor that affects biome distribution?

A

Climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are three ways that climate can affect flora?

A

Resource availability, environmental conditions, and soil formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What are 4 examples of resources whose availability effects flora?

A

Water, light, nutrients, CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are 4 examples of environmental condition effects on flora?

A

Temperature, precipitation, humidity, pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are six variables whose long-term trends make up a location’s climate?

A

Temperature; precipitation; atmospheric pressure; humidity; wind; atmospheric particles (particulates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What are three factors that influence climate on Earth?

A

Distribution of solar energy; interaction of two fluid systems (atmosphere and oceans); effects of continents/land surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the main factor that influences climate?

A

Solar energy distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What are 4 factors that make solar energy variable over the Earth’s surface?

A

Latitudinal effects; Planet orbit/rotation/tilt; Atmospheric effects; Surface features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Is seasonal variation more pronounced away from the Equator?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

How would Earth’s axis have to be oriented relative to the orbital plane for the sun to be 90 degrees overhead at noon on the equator all year?

A

Perpendicular to the orbital plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

If Earth’s axis was perpendicular to the orbital plane, would day and night be equal everywhere all year long?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

If Earth’s axis was perpendicular to the orbital plane, would there be seasons?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

How much is the Earth tilted away from perpendicular?

A

23.5 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What does this tilt drive?

A

The seasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What are the five lines of latitude that track the Earth-Sun relationship?

A

Arctic Circle; Tropic of Cancer; Equator; Tropic of Capricorn; Antarctic Circle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What latitude is the Arctic Circle?

A

66.5 N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What latitude is the Antarctic Circle?

A

66.5 S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What latitude is the Tropic of Capricorn?

A

23.5 S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What latitude is the Tropic of Cancer?

A

23.5 N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

During the Spring and Autumn Equinox, at what latitude is the Sun vertical?

A

Equator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

During the Summer Solstice, at what latitude is the Sun vertical?

A

23.5 N (Tropic of Cancer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

During the Winter Solstice, at what latitude is the Sun vertical?

A

23.5 S (Tropic of Capricorn)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

In the U.S., what happens to surface temperatures with latitude increase?

A

Decline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What moderates surface temperatures in the U.S.?

A

Coasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Where is the highest seasonal variation in North America?

A

Heart of the continent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What drives atmospheric circulation?

A

Uneven heating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What are three influences that atmospheric circulation has on climate?

A

Distribution of thermal energy; Zonation of precipitation; Source of surface winds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Uneven heating causes these to form in the atmosphere

A

Counter-rotating convection cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What characterizes air and surface conditions at the equator and at the 60 degree latitudes?

A

Rising moist air and wet surface conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What characterizes air and surface conditions at the poles and 30 degree latitudes?

A

Descending dry air and dry surface conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Do bands of equatorial rain move north-south with the seasons?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

In these latitudes, it is wet in all seasons

A

Equator and 60 degree latitudes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

In these latitudes, it is dry in all seasons

A

Poles and 30 latitudes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

In these zones, rainfall is seasonal

A

Transitional zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

What drives oceanic circulation?

A

Wind causing surface water to move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

What are gyres?

A

Large circulating ocean currents caused by wind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Where do gyres turn clockwise?

A

Northern Hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Where do gyres turn anticlockwise?

A

Southern Hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Where do gyres move warm water?

A

To poles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Where do gyres move cold water?

A

To Equator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Which sides of continents are warmer and wetter?

A

Eastern sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

What are three things that oceanic circulation creates?

A

Evaporation, clouds, and rains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Does cold air hold less water than warm air?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

Which sides of continents are cooler and drier?

A

Western sides

88
Q

In the U.S., this is a line running north-south and is the extent of eastern rainfall

A

Dry line

89
Q

These can block rainfall, leaving a rain shadow, and also create clouds

A

Mountains

90
Q

This funnels water into streams

A

Topography

91
Q

These are ecosystems dominated by trees and woody vegetation

A

Forests

92
Q

How much land area do forests occupy globally?

A

33%

93
Q

How much leaf area do forests possess?

A

65%

94
Q

What percentage of carbon present in all living things do forests contain?

A

70%

95
Q

What percentage of terrestrial biodiversity do forests contain?

A

90%

96
Q

Who created a system of forest classification in 1993?

A

Melillo

97
Q

What three factors are forests classified by?

A

Climate, physiognomy, and leaf habit

98
Q

What are three examples of climate forest classification?

A

Tropical, temperate, boreal

99
Q

What is physiognomy describing?

A

Outward appearance of forest

100
Q

What are three examples of forest classification by physiognomy?

A

Needleleaf, broadleaf, mixed

101
Q

What are two examples of forest classification by leaf habit?

A

Evergreen and deciduous

102
Q

What are the seven forest types that Melillo described?

A

Boreal; Temperate broadleaf deciduous; Temperate needleleaf evergreen; Temperate mixed; Temperate broadleaf evergreen; Tropical broadleaf evergreen; Tropical broadleaf deciduous

103
Q

What are three regions where boreal forest is found?

A

Northern Eurasia, Canada, Alaska

104
Q

What borders boreal forest to the north?

A

Tundra

105
Q

What is boreal forest climate like?

A

Long frigid winters and lack of water in warm months

106
Q

How many frost-free days can there be in summer in boreal forests?

A

<50

107
Q

Are boreal forest soils typically old?

A

No

108
Q

Are boreal forest soils typically nutrient poor?

A

Yes

109
Q

In boreal forests, these trees acidify the soil

A

Conifers

110
Q

In boreal forests, these can be deep and accumulate faster than they can decompose

A

Peat accumulations

111
Q

What is peat composed of?

A

Partially decomposed plant material

112
Q

What is boreal forest parent material usually made of?

A

Glacial till

113
Q

In boreal forests, this restricts drainage and roots

A

Permafrost

114
Q

This forest biome has the lowest species diversity

A

Boreal forest

115
Q

How many species are found in boreal forests in North America?

A

9

116
Q

This type of tree is better adapted for boreal life

A

Conifer

117
Q

What are 3 reasons why conifers are better adapted to boreal life?

A

Surface area to volume ratio; Less water loss; Shape helps snow to fall off

118
Q

What are 5 examples of boreal forest species?

A

Larch, spruce, fir, birch, aspen

119
Q

What are two types of plants that live on the boreal forest floor?

A

Ericaceous shrubs and mosses

120
Q

What does ericaceous mean?

A

Acid-loving

121
Q

Boreal forests have this due to a short growing season

A

Low leaf area index

122
Q

Leaf area index is an indicator of this

A

Productivity

123
Q

Conifer shape helps them with these two functions

A

Intercepting low light and shedding snow

124
Q

What is the Annual Net Plant Productivity of boreal forests?

A

4.2 tC ha-1 yr-1

125
Q

Mosses do this to the soil

A

Insulate

126
Q

This is important disturbance in boreal forests

A

Fire

127
Q

What are two reasons why boreal forests are not as managed as others?

A

Geographic location and climate

128
Q

Do boreal forests recover slowly after logging?

A

Yes

129
Q

Are there many boreal forest plantations?

A

No

130
Q

In what regions are temperate broadleaf deciduous forests located?

A

Eastern North America, Europe, Western China

131
Q

What latitudes are temperate broadleaf deciduous forests located?

A

Between 30 and 50 degrees N

132
Q

What are 3 characteristics of temperate broadleaf deciduous forest climates in their northern range?

A

Below 0 C temperatures for several months; Warm springs; Adequate rain

133
Q

What are 3 characteristics of temperate broadleaf deciduous forest climates in their southern range?

A

Warmer; Wetter; Summer deficits can be severe

134
Q

Are temperate broadleaf deciduous forest soils highly variable?

A

Yes

135
Q

These temperate broadleaf deciduous forest soils are young and infertile

A

Mountain soils

136
Q

These temperate broadleaf deciduous forest soils are more productive

A

Warm southern soils

137
Q

In temperate broadleaf deciduous forests, these vary with soils, terrain, and succession

A

Tree species

138
Q

What are 4 common tree species in temperate broadleaf deciduous forests?

A

Maple, hickory, oak, beech

139
Q

Is tree species diversity higher in temperate broadleaf deciduous forests than in temperate needle forests?

A

Yes

140
Q

Temperate broadleaf deciduous forest tree diversity is higher in these two regions than in Europe

A

North America and Asia

141
Q

How long is the growing season in temperate broadleaf deciduous forests?

A

4-8 months

142
Q

Is leaf area index in temperate broadleaf deciduous forests higher than in temperate needle evergreen forests?

A

Yes

143
Q

What is the ANPP of temperate broadleaf deciduous forests?

A

6.6 tC ha-1 yr-1

144
Q

In temperate broadleaf deciduous forests, these zones are very productive

A

Riparian zones

145
Q

Is human impact on temperate broadleaf deciduous forests high?

A

Yes

146
Q

What are two types of temperate broadleaf deciduous forest management?

A

Selection tree and short rotation plantations

147
Q

What are two types of plantations used in temperate broadleaf deciduous forests?

A

Even and uneven age plantations

148
Q

What are three popular temperate broadleaf deciduous plantation species?

A

Poplar, sweetgum, sycamore

149
Q

What are three regions where temperate needleleaf evergreen forests are found?

A

North America, China, Europe

150
Q

Temperate needleleaf evergreen forest plantations are being planted here

A

Southern Hemisphere

151
Q

In what types of climates are temperate needleleaf evergreen forests found

A

Subtropical to boreal

152
Q

What are 3 characteristics of climate in Pacific Northwest temperate needleleaf evergreen forests?

A

Cooler summers, warmer winters, summer deficits

153
Q

Do temperate needleleaf evergreen forests grow on a variety of soil types?

A

Yes

154
Q

What are two characteristics of temperate needleleaf evergreen forest soils?

A

Droughty and infertile

155
Q

What are 5 common tree species in temperate needleleaf evergreen forests?

A

Fir, spruce, Douglas-fir, pine, hemlock

156
Q

Which temperate needleleaf evergreen forests species are often commercially favored?

A

Pines

157
Q

Do temperate needleleaf evergreen forests have highly variable forest type?

A

Yes

158
Q

Is the leaf area index for temperate needleleaf evergreen forests higher than that of temperate broadleaf deciduous forests

A

No

159
Q

Do some temperate needleleaf evergreen forests have the lowest LAIs in the world?

A

Yes

160
Q

What is the range of ANPP for temperate needleleaf evergreen forests?

A

2-20 tC ha-1 yr-1

161
Q

What is the average ANPP for temperate needleleaf evergreen forests?

A

6.6 tC

162
Q

This is an important disturbance in temperate needleleaf evergreen forests

A

Fire

163
Q

On what does temperate needleleaf evergreen forest management depend?

A

Productivity

164
Q

Are temperate needleleaf evergreen forests among the most intensively managed?

A

Yes

165
Q

This type of tree is planted extensively in temperate needleleaf evergreen forest plantations

A

Pine

166
Q

Temperate needleleaf evergreen forests logging is controversial in this region

A

Pacific Northwest

167
Q

This type of management is used increasingly in older temperate needleleaf evergreen forests

A

Uneven aged management

168
Q

This forest biome combines broadleaf and needleleaf species

A

Temperate mixed forest

169
Q

Where in the temperate range do temperate mixed forests occur?

A

Throughout temperate range

170
Q

Temperate mixed forest occurrence reflects these three factors

A

Human land use, soils and succession

171
Q

Do temperate mixed forests have a narrow range of species combinations?

A

No

172
Q

Conifers dominate early succession in temperate mixed forests of these two U.S. regions

A

Southeast and Great Lakes

173
Q

This biome includes sclerophyll forests and temperate rainforests

A

Temperate broadleaf evergreen forest

174
Q

What are four regions where sclerophyll forests are found?

A

Mediterranean, Australia, Asia, U.S.

175
Q

What are five regions where temperate rainforests are found?

A

Japan, Chile, New Zealand, Australia, U.S.

176
Q

Are temperate broadleaf evergreen forest soils well-known?

A

No

177
Q

Are temperate broadleaf evergreen forest soils nutrient poor?

A

Yes

178
Q

What are two common sclerophyll forest species?

A

Eucalyptus and beech

179
Q

What are two reasons why sclerophyllic foliage is thick and hard?

A

To deter herbivory and conserve water

180
Q

What are two roles of toxins in temperate broadleaf evergreen leaves?

A

Slow decomposition and promote fires due to flammability

181
Q

What is the ANPP of temperate broadleaf evergreen forests?

A

10.0 tC ha-1 yr-1

182
Q

These temperate broadleaf evergreen forests are among the most productive in the world

A

Eucalyptus forests

183
Q

Sclerophyll forests in this region have been exploited for millenia

A

Mediterranean

184
Q

In this region, sclerophyll forests have been logged and planted with pine

A

Australia

185
Q

In this country, sclerophyll forest logging has been halted

A

New Zealand

186
Q

This is the largest forest biome in the world

A

Tropical broadleaf evergreen forest

187
Q

What region has the largest portion of tropical broadleaf evergreen forest

A

Amazon basin

188
Q

How much rain per year do tropical broadleaf evergreen forests receive?

A

> 1750mm

189
Q

Are tropical broadleaf evergreen forest soils highly weathered?

A

Yes

190
Q

What is the most limiting element in tropical broadleaf evergreen forest soils?

A

Phosphorus

191
Q

The best tropical broadleaf evergreen forest soils are converted to this

A

Farming

192
Q

Do tropical broadleaf evergreen forests have the highest tree diversity?

A

Yes

193
Q

How many tree species are in the Amazon region?

A

> 2500

194
Q

These in tropical broadleaf evergreen forests create vertical strata

A
195
Q

Tropical broadleaf evergreen forest biomass varies with these three features

A

Topography, soils, age

195
Q

In tropical broadleaf evergreen forests, canopy gaps add structure when these happen

A

Tree falls

196
Q

Is tropical broadleaf evergreen forest productivity lower than temperate forest productivity?

A

No

197
Q

What is the ANPP for tropical broadleaf evergreen forests?

A

8.2 tC ha-1 yr-1

198
Q

These are important disturbances in tropical broadleaf evergreen forests

A

Cyclonic storms

199
Q

Tropical broadleaf evergreen forest management is high impact due to this

A

High population growth

200
Q

What are three contributors to tropical broadleaf evergreen forest losses

A

Logging, cropland, cattle

201
Q

What two countries have the greatest losses of tropical broadleaf evergreen forest?

A

Brazil and Indonesia

202
Q

What are 4 common species in tropical broadleaf evergreen forest plantations?

A

Eucalyptus, some softwoods, coconut, palm

203
Q

This forest biome replaces tropical broadleaf evergreen forests where rain is highly seasonal

A

Tropical broadleaf deciduous forest

204
Q

Tropical broadleaf deciduous forests often flank these sides of rainforests

A

North and south

205
Q

Do tropical broadleaf deciduous forests have any seasonal variation of temperature?

A

Yes

206
Q

In tropical broadleaf deciduous forests, this is highly seasonal

A

Rain

207
Q

Are tropical broadleaf deciduous forest soils more fertile than rainforest soils?

A

Yes

208
Q

Is tropical broadleaf deciduous forest diversity higher than that of rainforests?

A

No

209
Q

In tropical broadleaf deciduous forests, these induce deciduous habit

A

Rain deficits

210
Q

Are tropical broadleaf deciduous forest canopies shorter and more open than rainforest canopies?

A

Yes

211
Q

Due to higher light penetration, tropical broadleaf deciduous forests have this

A

Dense shrub layer

212
Q

What influences productivity in tropical broadleaf deciduous forests?

A

Wet season

213
Q

Are there many remaining tropical broadleaf deciduous forests remaining?

A

No

214
Q

Is tropical broadleaf deciduous forest deforestation rate higher than that of rainforest deforestation?

A

Yes

215
Q

What are two common uses of tropical broadleaf deciduous forest land?

A

Ranching and crops

216
Q

What are two effects of tropical broadleaf deciduous rainforest deforestation?

A

Erosion and soil degradation

Forest Ecology & Management (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions