Chapter 14: Forest Wildlife Management

Question 1

In forestry, this describes all non-domesticated animals, plants, and other organisms

Answer 1

Wildlife

Question 2

What does wildlife typically focus on?

Answer 2

Animals

Question 3

What percentage of global biodiversity is in forests?

Answer 3

60%

Question 4

What are two ways that wildlife are integral components of forests?

Answer 4

1. Ecological roles; 2. Forest goods and services

Question 5

Wildlife are traditionally seen as this in forest management

Answer 5

Amenities

Question 6

Is wildlife usually a primary objective in forest management?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

Is management now more explicitly wildlife-oriented?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

What are three types of inherent value of wildlife?

Answer 8

Consumptive, non-consumptive, biodiversity

Question 9

What are three examples of consumptive activities involving wildlife?

Answer 9

Hunting, fishing, fur trapping

Question 10

What are five consumptive values of wildlife?

Answer 10

Food, fur, recreation, cultural value, income

Question 11

What are three non-consumptive activities involving wildlife?

Answer 11

Birding, photography, outdoor recreation

Question 12

What are three non-consumptive values of wildlife?

Answer 12

Recreational, cultural, income

Question 13

This wildlife value maintains ecosystem integrity

Answer 13

Biodiversity value

Question 14

Do only a few species play important roles in wildlife biodiversity value?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

What are four examples of wildlife biodiversity values?

Answer 15

Ecosystem services, food, drugs, ecotourism

Question 16

What are five different types of forest species?

Answer 16

1. Early successional; 2. Mixed-age forest; 3. Old-growth forest; 4. Edge habitat; 5. Riparian zone

Question 17

Many species thrive after this in early succession

Answer 17

Fire/disturbance

Question 18

In early successional forests, these provide nutritious seeds and forest

Answer 18

Pioneer plants

Question 19

These two types of animals use pioneer habitats for nesting

Answer 19

Birds and rodents

Question 20

These forest habitats have patchy disturbance leading to forest mosaics

Answer 20

Mixed-age forests

Question 21

Mixed-age forests have patches in different these

Answer 21

Successional stages

Question 22

In mixed-age forests, this leads to diverse food and shelter

Answer 22

Complex habitat

Question 23

Do mixed-age forests support high species diversity?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

What are three characteristics of old-growth forests?

Answer 24

1. Large living trees/snags; 2. Multi-layered vegetation; 3. Pit and mound forest floor

Question 25

Old-growth forests have many specialist species with small these

Answer 25

Niches

Question 26

Are old-growth forests often home to rare/endangered species?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

This type of forest habitat is often diverse and complex

Answer 27

Edge habitat

Question 28

Edge habitats offer these two resources in close proximity

Answer 28

Food and cover

Question 29

Edge habitats support high diversity of these three types of animals

Answer 29

Insects, birds, rodents

Question 30

Edge habitats often attract these

Answer 30

Predators

Question 31

These forest habitats have vegetation bordering water bodies

Answer 31

Riparian zones

Question 32

Riparian zones are often productive, with this type of soil

Answer 32

Wet and fertile

Question 33

These may play a regenerative role in riparian zone forest habitats

Answer 33

Floods

Question 34

What two types of fauna do riparian zone forest habitats support?

Answer 34

Terrestrial and aquatic

Question 35

Riparian zone forest habitats are vital nesting grounds for these

Answer 35

Waterfowl

Question 36

What are four influences of wildlife on forests?

Answer 36

1. Dispersal; 2. Insect predation; 3. Herbivory; 4. Soil cycling

Question 37

What are two ways animals influence plant dispersal?

Answer 37

Dispersing seeds/spores and pollination

Question 38

Insect predation by wildlife in forests is important for this

Answer 38

Pest control

Question 39

What are two ways herbivory influences forests?

Answer 39

Grazing/browsing acts as disturbance and selective grazing can stall succession

Question 40

What is one way wildlife influence forest soil cycling?

Answer 40

Earthworms/burrowers mix soils

Question 41

What are five forest management activities that affect wildlife?

Answer 41

1. Fire suppression; 2. Prescribed burning; 3. Timber harvest; 4. Forest fragmentation; 5. Chemical application

Question 42

What are four ways fire suppression affects forest wildlife?

Answer 42

1. Alter natural disturbance regimes; 2. Promotes late successional forests; 3. Favors shade tolerant trees; 4. Eliminates early successional biota that require disturbance

Question 43

What are two ways prescribed burning is important for forest wildlife?

Answer 43

1. Management of early successional forests; 2. Restoring fire-dependent systems

Question 44

What are four ways timber harvesting affects forest wildlife?

Answer 44

1. Replacing fire as disturbance; 2. Increasing edge habitat; 3. Benefits early succession/edge species; 4. Large clearcuts decrease diversity

Question 45

What are three ways that fragmenting forest with roads and harvesting affects wildlife?

Answer 45

1. Reducing forest core; 2. Increasing forest edge; 3. Roads raise stream sedimentation

Question 46

How do harvesting and roads affect forest patches?

Answer 46

Patch size decreases and patch isolation increases

Question 47

How do harvesting and roads affect forest core and edge habitats?

Answer 47

Decreasing core and increasing edge

Question 48

What are two ways that chemical use affects forest wildlife?

Answer 48

1. Reduces food supply for herbivores and insectivores; 2. Bioaccumulation concentrates toxins up the food chain

Question 49

Banning this chemical has lead to resurgence of raptors

Answer 49

DDT

Question 50

What are five methods of managing forests for wildlife?

Answer 50

1. Protecting endangered species; 2. Preserving snags/woody debris; 3. Protecting riparian zones; 4. Protecting unique habitats; 5. Manipulating wildlife habitat

Question 51

This is the primary cause of forest species extinction

Answer 51

Habitat loss

Question 52

Management must protect this for endangered species

Answer 52

Critical habitat

Question 53

Large predators need this

Answer 53

Large range

Question 54

Protecting these species is a strategy for preserving biodiversity

Answer 54

Umbrella species

Question 55

These are often destroyed during harvest

Answer 55

Snags and woody debris

Question 56

What are three ways that different types of snags/woody debris are crucial habitat components?

Answer 56

1. Snag cavities nest birds and mammals; 2. Slash piles provide cover and food; 3. Fallen logs provide food and habitat

Question 57

In proper snag management, how many snags should be retained per acre?

Answer 57

At least 2-4

Question 58

What are two ways to recruit snags from living trees?

Answer 58

Girdling and injection

Question 59

What are five reasons why riparian zones are excellent wildlife habitat?

Answer 59

1. High plant and insect diversity; 2. Natural travel corridors; 3. Sources of standing water; 4. Abundant dead wood; 5. Reducing sediment runoff

Question 60

In riparian forest zones, these enhance fish habitat

Answer 60

Fallen logs

Question 61

What is another name for riparian forest management zones?

Answer 61

Streamside management zones

Question 62

Are wider stream management zones more effective for wildlife?

Answer 62

Yes

Question 63

What are six examples of small unique habitats in forests?

Answer 63

1. Vernal ponds; 2. Wetlands; 3. Old home sites; 4. Oak groves; 5. Blackberry thickets; 6. Rock outcrops and boulder fields

Question 64

What are three wildlife needs that manipulating wildlife habitat can address?

Answer 64

Food, water, cover

Question 65

What are two goals of manipulating wildlife habitat?

Answer 65

Increasing plant diversity and increasing habitat complexity

Question 66

What effect does increasing plant diversity have on forest habitats?

Answer 66

Provides variety of food and shelter

Question 67

What effect does increasing habitat complexity have on forest habitats?

Answer 67

Supports greater biodiversity

Question 68

This refers to seeds and fruits of woody plant species

Answer 68

Mast

Question 69

What are the two types of mast?

Answer 69

Hard and soft mast

Question 70

What are three examples of hard mast?

Answer 70

Acorns, hickory nuts, beechnuts

Question 71

What are three examples of soft mast?

Answer 71

Catkins, berries, drupes

Question 72

Mast yield varies depending on these three factors

Answer 72

Species, location, climate

Question 73

What are three forest wildlife management methods?

Answer 73

1. Silvicultural methods; 2. Prescribed fire; 3. Other tools

Question 74

Even-aged management promotes these species

Answer 74

Early successional species

Question 75

Silvicultural methods are useful for habitat of these three species

Answer 75

Deer, quail, turkey

Question 76

This silvicultural method increases light and mast production in a forest

Answer 76

Thinning

Question 77

Thinning is very effective combined with this silvicultural method

Answer 77

Fire

Question 78

This type of cutting is used in uneven-aged forests

Answer 78

Selective cutting

Question 79

What type of tree should cutting target?

Answer 79

Less valuable wildlife trees

Question 80

This forest management method reduces duff and improves forage

Answer 80

Prescribed fire

Question 81

What is prescribed fire often combined with to manage forests for wildlife?

Answer 81

Cutting

Question 82

These two forest management methods can promote grass species

Answer 82

Disking and mowing

Question 83

Food plots plant these two types of plants as a forest wildlife management method

Answer 83

Grains and legumes

Question 84

What are two artificial structures that can be built to manage forest wildlife?

Answer 84

Nest boxes and artificial ponds