Chapter 13: Silviculture and Ecosystem Management Flashcards
This is the theory and practice of controlling forest to meet management goals
Silviculture
What are six examples of forest attributes that silviculture can be used to control?
Establishment; Growth rate; Species composition; Health/viability; Product quality; Aesthetics
What are five examples of goals that silviculture can be used to meet?
Timber; Wildlife habitat; Water quality; Range production; Scenery
Silviculture is based on understanding of these three concepts
Tree silvics; Ecological succession; Effect of disturbance
What are the two types of forest stands?
Even- and uneven-aged stands
In this type of forest stand, all trees are roughly the same age
Even-aged stand
This type of forest stand occurs where disturbance is frequent and large scale
Even-aged stand
Even-aged forests create stands of these
Early successional species
How are even-aged stands classified?
By development stage
Are young even-aged stands dense or thin?
Dense
Young even-aged stands naturally do this with age
Self thin
What kind of canopy do even-aged stands develop?
Uniform canopy
Do even-aged stands have high vertical stratification?
No
When is wood production at its maximum in even-aged stands?
During mature stage
What are the four classifications of mature forest tree crowns?
Dominant, codominant, intermediate, suppressed
These tree crowns emerge above the canopy
Dominant
What percentage of a dominant tree’s crown receives full sun?
80%
These tree crowns comprise the canopy layer
Codominant
What percentage of a codominant tree’s crown receives full sun?
50-80%
These tree crowns are under the canopy layer
Intermediate
What percentage of an intermediate tree’s crown receives full sun?
20-50%
These tree crowns are well under the canopy
Suppressed
Do crowns of suppressed trees receive little full sun?
Yes
This type of tree stand has trees of many different ages
Uneven-aged stand
This type of forest stand occurs where disturbance is infrequent and small-scale
Uneven-aged stand
Uneven-aged stands are made up of this type of tree species
Late successional species
Do uneven-aged stands have less uniform crowns than even-aged stands?
Yes
Do uneven-aged stands have more vertical stratification than even-aged stands?
Yes
Is the vertical stratification in uneven-aged stands bad for wildlife?
No
Is wood production from uneven-aged stands inconsistent?
No
What are the two types of silvicultural methods?
Stand improvement (Intermediate treatment) methods and regeneration methods
When are stand improvement methods applied?
Between regeneration and harvest
What is another name for stand improvements?
Intermediate treatments
What are four forest qualities that can be improved by stand improvement methods?
Composition, growth, health, quality
Stand improvements may or may not generate this
Revenue
What are five intermediate treatments?
Release cut; Improvement cut; Thinning; Pruning; Salvage cut
This intermediate treatment is used in seed and sapling stands
Release cut
From what does a release cut free desirable trees?
Competition
This intermediate treatment is used in pole or mature stands and removes low quality and diseased trees
Improvement cut
This intermediate treatment is used in pole or mature stands and concentrates growth on fewer trees
Thinning