CHAPTER 3: Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Trauma/Stressor-Related Disorders Flashcards
Adaptive anxiety
individual is able to respond and alter themselves or the environment (study for upcoming test, avoid dangerous situation)
Maladaptive anxiety
level of anxiety is out or proportion to the level of threat or when it occurs out of the blue (not in response to environmental change)
Social anxiety disorder
excessive fear of engaging in behaviours that involve public scrutiny
Panic attack
period of intense fear or discomfort where 4+ symptoms develop abruptly
Agoraphobia
fear of places where it’s difficult to escape in the event of panic-like symptoms and situations where help may be unavailable
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
anxiety disorder characterized by general feelings of dread, foreboding, and heightened states of sympathetic arousal
Obsession
intrusive, unwanted, and recurrent thought, image, or urge that seems beyond person’s ability to control
Compulsion
repetitive behaviour or mental act that person feels compelled or driven to perform
Traumatic stress reactions
extreme anxiety or dissociation
Dissociation
feelings of detachment from one’s self or environment
Reactive attachment disorder
child attaches to everyone
Acute stress disorder (ASD)
traumatic stress reaction occuring in days and weeks following exposure to traumatic event
lasts 4 weeks or less
Posttraumatic stress disorder
prolonged reaction to traumatic event that threatened death or serious injury
lasts more than 4 weeks
Adjustment disorders
maladaptive reaction to identified stressor that occur shortly following exposure to stressor and results in emotional distress
Projection (psychodynamic)
anxiety is brought about by perception that some external threat is posed by someone or something
taking your own unacceptable qualities or feelings and ascribing them to other people
Displacement (psychodynamic)
transfer of feelings or behavior from their original object to another (less threatening) person or thing
Prepared conditioning (learning)
develop phobias to some things more readily than others (snakes, heights, strangers)
Anxiety sensitivity (cognitive)
fear of fear
Hyperventilation
panic-like symptoms
Flooding
type of exposure therapy in which subjects are exposed to intensely anxiety provoking situations
Cognitive restructuring
replacing irrational or self-defeating thoughts and attitudes with rational alternatives
Decatastrophizing
avoiding tendencies to think the worst
Free-floating anxiety
Freudian term for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Schizoid personality disorder
people avoid social activities and consistently shy away from interaction with others
Conversion disorder
person experiences paralysis, blindness, or other neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation
Trichotillomania
condition that gives people strong urges to pull out their own hair
Excoriation
repeated picking at one’s own skin
Disinhibited social engagement disorder
attachment disorder that makes it hard for children to form an emotional bond with others
Two-factor model (learning)
O. Hobart Mowrer
Classical conditioned anxiety makes people acquire fear and operant conditioned anxiety makes people develop avoidance response
Oversensitivity to threat (cognitive)
perceive danger in situations most people consider to be safe
Neuroticism
personality trait involving a long-term tendency to be in a negative or anxious emotional state
Fear network
assumes that every new trauma activates the same memory structure
Fear-stimulus hierarchy
ordered series of increasingly fearful stimuli, used in desensitization and gradual exposure
