Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological Contract

A

A person’s set of expectations regarding what he or she will contribute to an organization and what the organization, in return, will provide to the individual

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2
Q

Contribution

A

An individual’s CONTRIBUTIONS to an organization include such things as effort, skills, ability, time, and loyalty

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3
Q

Inducements

A

Provided by an organization to individuals in the form of tangible and intangible rewards

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4
Q

Person-Job Fit

A

The extent to which the contributions made by the individual math the inducements offered by the organization

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5
Q

Individual Differences

A

Personal attributes that vary from one person to another

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6
Q

Personality

A

The relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one person from another

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7
Q

“Big Five” Personality Traits

A

A Set of fundamental traits that are especially relevant to organizations

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8
Q

Agreeableness

A

The ability to get along with others

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9
Q

Conscientiousness

A

Refers to the number of goals on which a person focuses

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10
Q

Neuroticism

A

Characterized by a person’s tendency to experience unpleasant emotions such as anger, anxiety, depression, and feelings of vulnerability

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11
Q

Extraversion

A

The quality of being comfortable with relationships; the opposite extreme, introversion, is characterized by more social discomfort

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12
Q

Openness

A

The capacity to entertain new ideas and to change as a result of new information

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13
Q

Emotional Intelligence (EQ)

A

The extent to which people are self-aware, can manage their emotions, can motivate themselves, express empathy for others, and possess social skills

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14
Q

Locus of Control

A

The extent to which a person believes his circumstances are a function of either his own actions or of external factors beyond his control

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15
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

The person’s beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task

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16
Q

Authoritarianism

A

the belief that power and status difference are appropriate within hierarchical social systems such as organizations

17
Q

Machiavellianism

A

People who possess this personality trait behave to gain power and control the behavior of others

18
Q

Self-esteem

A

The extent to which a person believes he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual

19
Q

Ris Propensity

A

The degree to which a person is willing to take changes and make risky decisions

20
Q

Attitudes

A

A person’s complexes of beliefs and feelings about specific ideas, situations, or other people

21
Q

Cognitions

A

Constitutes the knowledge a person presumes to have about something

22
Q

Affect

A

A person’s feelings towards something

23
Q

Intention

A

A component of an attitude that guides a person’s behavior

24
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

The anxiety a person experiences when simultaneously possessing two sets of knowledge or perceptions that are contradictory or incongruent

25
Job Satisfaction
The extent to which a person is gratified or fulfilled by his or her work
26
Organizational Commitment
A person's identification with and attachment to an organization
27
Positive Affectivity
People who possess this trait are upbeat and optimistic, have an overall sense of well-being, and see things in a positive light
28
Negative Affectivity
People who possess this trait are generally down-beat and pessimistic, see things in a negative way, and seem to be in a bad mood
29
Perception
The set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about the environment
30
Selective Perception
The process of screening out information that we are uncomfortable with or that contradicts our beliefs
31
Stereotyping
The process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute
32
Attribution Theory
Suggests that we attribute causes to behavior based on our observations of certain characteristics of that behavior
33
Workplace Behavior
A pattern of action by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences organizational effectiveness
34
Performance Behaviors
All of the total set of work=related behaviors that the organization expects the individual to display
35
Dysfunctional Behaviors
Those that detract from organizational performance
36
Absenteeism
Occurs when an individual does not show up to work
37
Turnover
Occurs when people quit their jobs
38
Organizational Citizenship
A persons degree of this is the extent to which his or her behavior makes a positive overall contribution to the organization