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Organizational Behavior > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological Contract

A

A person’s set of expectations regarding what he or she will contribute to an organization and what the organization, in return, will provide to the individual

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2
Q

Contribution

A

An individual’s CONTRIBUTIONS to an organization include such things as effort, skills, ability, time, and loyalty

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3
Q

Inducements

A

Provided by an organization to individuals in the form of tangible and intangible rewards

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4
Q

Person-Job Fit

A

The extent to which the contributions made by the individual math the inducements offered by the organization

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5
Q

Individual Differences

A

Personal attributes that vary from one person to another

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6
Q

Personality

A

The relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one person from another

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7
Q

“Big Five” Personality Traits

A

A Set of fundamental traits that are especially relevant to organizations

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8
Q

Agreeableness

A

The ability to get along with others

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9
Q

Conscientiousness

A

Refers to the number of goals on which a person focuses

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10
Q

Neuroticism

A

Characterized by a person’s tendency to experience unpleasant emotions such as anger, anxiety, depression, and feelings of vulnerability

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11
Q

Extraversion

A

The quality of being comfortable with relationships; the opposite extreme, introversion, is characterized by more social discomfort

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12
Q

Openness

A

The capacity to entertain new ideas and to change as a result of new information

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13
Q

Emotional Intelligence (EQ)

A

The extent to which people are self-aware, can manage their emotions, can motivate themselves, express empathy for others, and possess social skills

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14
Q

Locus of Control

A

The extent to which a person believes his circumstances are a function of either his own actions or of external factors beyond his control

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15
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

The person’s beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task

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16
Q

Authoritarianism

A

the belief that power and status difference are appropriate within hierarchical social systems such as organizations

17
Q

Machiavellianism

A

People who possess this personality trait behave to gain power and control the behavior of others

18
Q

Self-esteem

A

The extent to which a person believes he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual

19
Q

Ris Propensity

A

The degree to which a person is willing to take changes and make risky decisions

20
Q

Attitudes

A

A person’s complexes of beliefs and feelings about specific ideas, situations, or other people

21
Q

Cognitions

A

Constitutes the knowledge a person presumes to have about something

22
Q

Affect

A

A person’s feelings towards something

23
Q

Intention

A

A component of an attitude that guides a person’s behavior

24
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

The anxiety a person experiences when simultaneously possessing two sets of knowledge or perceptions that are contradictory or incongruent

25
Q

Job Satisfaction

A

The extent to which a person is gratified or fulfilled by his or her work

26
Q

Organizational Commitment

A

A person’s identification with and attachment to an organization

27
Q

Positive Affectivity

A

People who possess this trait are upbeat and optimistic, have an overall sense of well-being, and see things in a positive light

28
Q

Negative Affectivity

A

People who possess this trait are generally down-beat and pessimistic, see things in a negative way, and seem to be in a bad mood

29
Q

Perception

A

The set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about the environment

30
Q

Selective Perception

A

The process of screening out information that we are uncomfortable with or that contradicts our beliefs

31
Q

Stereotyping

A

The process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute

32
Q

Attribution Theory

A

Suggests that we attribute causes to behavior based on our observations of certain characteristics of that behavior

33
Q

Workplace Behavior

A

A pattern of action by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences organizational effectiveness

34
Q

Performance Behaviors

A

All of the total set of work=related behaviors that the organization expects the individual to display

35
Q

Dysfunctional Behaviors

A

Those that detract from organizational performance

36
Q

Absenteeism

A

Occurs when an individual does not show up to work

37
Q

Turnover

A

Occurs when people quit their jobs

38
Q

Organizational Citizenship

A

A persons degree of this is the extent to which his or her behavior makes a positive overall contribution to the organization

Organizational Behavior (18 decks)

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