Chapter 3 Flashcards
Psychological Contract
A person’s set of expectations regarding what he or she will contribute to an organization and what the organization, in return, will provide to the individual
Contribution
An individual’s CONTRIBUTIONS to an organization include such things as effort, skills, ability, time, and loyalty
Inducements
Provided by an organization to individuals in the form of tangible and intangible rewards
Person-Job Fit
The extent to which the contributions made by the individual math the inducements offered by the organization
Individual Differences
Personal attributes that vary from one person to another
Personality
The relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one person from another
“Big Five” Personality Traits
A Set of fundamental traits that are especially relevant to organizations
Agreeableness
The ability to get along with others
Conscientiousness
Refers to the number of goals on which a person focuses
Neuroticism
Characterized by a person’s tendency to experience unpleasant emotions such as anger, anxiety, depression, and feelings of vulnerability
Extraversion
The quality of being comfortable with relationships; the opposite extreme, introversion, is characterized by more social discomfort
Openness
The capacity to entertain new ideas and to change as a result of new information
Emotional Intelligence (EQ)
The extent to which people are self-aware, can manage their emotions, can motivate themselves, express empathy for others, and possess social skills
Locus of Control
The extent to which a person believes his circumstances are a function of either his own actions or of external factors beyond his control
Self-Efficacy
The person’s beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task
Authoritarianism
the belief that power and status difference are appropriate within hierarchical social systems such as organizations
Machiavellianism
People who possess this personality trait behave to gain power and control the behavior of others
Self-esteem
The extent to which a person believes he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual
Ris Propensity
The degree to which a person is willing to take changes and make risky decisions
Attitudes
A person’s complexes of beliefs and feelings about specific ideas, situations, or other people
Cognitions
Constitutes the knowledge a person presumes to have about something
Affect
A person’s feelings towards something
Intention
A component of an attitude that guides a person’s behavior
Cognitive Dissonance
The anxiety a person experiences when simultaneously possessing two sets of knowledge or perceptions that are contradictory or incongruent
Job Satisfaction
The extent to which a person is gratified or fulfilled by his or her work
Organizational Commitment
A person’s identification with and attachment to an organization
Positive Affectivity
People who possess this trait are upbeat and optimistic, have an overall sense of well-being, and see things in a positive light
Negative Affectivity
People who possess this trait are generally down-beat and pessimistic, see things in a negative way, and seem to be in a bad mood
Perception
The set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about the environment
Selective Perception
The process of screening out information that we are uncomfortable with or that contradicts our beliefs
Stereotyping
The process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute
Attribution Theory
Suggests that we attribute causes to behavior based on our observations of certain characteristics of that behavior
Workplace Behavior
A pattern of action by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences organizational effectiveness
Performance Behaviors
All of the total set of work=related behaviors that the organization expects the individual to display
Dysfunctional Behaviors
Those that detract from organizational performance
Absenteeism
Occurs when an individual does not show up to work
Turnover
Occurs when people quit their jobs
Organizational Citizenship
A persons degree of this is the extent to which his or her behavior makes a positive overall contribution to the organization
