chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Do we use only 10% of our brain?

A

false every part of the brain has a function

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2
Q

The nervous system is primarily made up of

A

neurons, glial cells

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3
Q

neurons

A

nerve cells specialized for communications

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4
Q

glial cells

A

provide support and nutrients for neurons

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5
Q

what do glial cells do?

A

form myelin, form the blood brain barrier

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6
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

prevents harmful substances from entering the brain, alcohol effects the brain

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7
Q

why do we care about glial cells?

A

we care because einstein’s brain had more glia than average (made him smarter)

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8
Q

what does the brain contain?

A

it contains 100 billion neurons that form 160 trillion connections

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9
Q

collectively neurons

A

monitor our internal and external environments, control our behavior and create our mental experiences

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10
Q

myelin sheath

A

glial cells that help speed signal transmission it helps with a quick movement to brain, react quicker

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11
Q

cell body

A

central region of cell (called soma)

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12
Q

axon

A

deliver signals to other cells

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13
Q

dendrites

A

receive outside signals

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14
Q

axon terminals

A

end of axon where signal is released

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15
Q

communication between neurons (two parts)

A

electrical signal propagation within neuron, chemical communication between neurons

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16
Q

action potential

A

all or none electrical impulse that neurons use to propagate signal ex: like a wave in a crowd, can’t stop in between

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17
Q

absolute refractory period

A

recovery time when another AP is not possible

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18
Q

communication between neurons

A

chemical signal from 1 neuron to the next

19
Q

synapse

A

junction between two communicating neurons

20
Q

neurotransmitter

A

chemical signal

21
Q

synaptic cleft

A

space between two neurons where neurotransmitter is released

22
Q

receptor sites

A

lock and key mechanisms that take us neurotransmitters

23
Q

sensory neurons

A

sense information and respond to tactile stimuli and can activate motor neurons in order to achieve muscle contraction

24
Q

interneurons

A

help to do processing, pass on signal to others

25
motor neurons
travel from the brain to body to tell you what to do
26
the nervous system?
how the brain communicates with the body composed of peripheral nervous system
27
the central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
28
peripheral nervous system
consists of nerves that connect muscles, organs and glands to the central ns composed somatic and autonomic ns
29
somatic ns
carries signals between the CNS and muscles in the body that control movement
30
autonomic ns
carries signals between the CNS and organs/glands that regulate involuntary actions and the body’s internal state
31
sympathetic ns
readies the body for action, increases heart rate, dilates pupils, inhibits digestion, “fight or flight”
32
parasympathetic ns
active during rest, slows heart and breathing rates, stimulates digestion “rest and digest” ex: parachute dropping
33
spinal cord
carries sensory information to the brain, and motor control commands back to the body. manages simple reflexes and movements serves to increase speed of important reflexes
34
brainstem
consists of medulla, pons and midbrain
35
medulla
helps regulate heart rate and breathing
36
pons
involved in maintaining balance, and walking (motion)
37
midbrain
involved in modulation of motor activity (substantia mibra)
38
thalamus
relay station of the brain directs signals passing between the body and the brain ex: old telephone operator
39
cerebellum
important for balance, coordination and preplanned actions, learning motor skills ex: triple axel in ice skating can’t stop in between
40
basal ganglia
responsible for executing planned actions (implicated in parkinson’s disease)
41
hypothalamus
regulates the internal environment of the body by controlling the autonomic ns
42
hypothalamus controls
hormone levels and drive states (hunger, thirst)
43
amygdala
involved in emotion regulation and fear
44
hippocampus
important for memory, especially forming new memories, and spatial memory