ch. 8 memory pt.2 Flashcards
context-dependent learning
we recall info. better in the same place we learned it
state-dependent learning
we recall info. better in the same cognitive state we learned it in
Psychological state
mind ex: stress
physiological state
body ex: drinking coffee while taking exam but not drinking coffee while studying
fact about memory
- our memory is not perfect
- memory is a reconstruction
Memory fallibility
flashbulb memories
extremely vivid and detailed emotional memories ex: old cameras w/ flash
flashbulb memories usually important or tragic events
9/11, JFK Assassination, Challenger explosion, etc. they are thought to be photographic in detail, usually forget
false memories
memories of events that never happened, elizabeth loftus
false memories can be formed
in therapy, described as suppressed memories that have been recovered through therapy, feel very real, can be damaging
misinformation effect
creating false memories by providing misleading into after the event
Loftus & Palmer (1974)
asked people to estimate the speed of cars that “smashed” and “contracted”
the lost in the mall experiment
told participants they had been lost in the mall as a child, later asked them to recall the event
the lost in the mall experiment pt.2
people formed memories of events that never occurred
3 words to describe memory elizabeth lotus
subjective, malleable
eyewitness testimony
witnessed the thing happened, often extremely influential in court cases
eyewitness testimony pt.2
eyewitness certainty and accuracy do not correlate
eyewitnesses incorrectly identify culprits 3 points
- when people are stressed their memory is impaired.
- cross-race identification is especially poor
- presence of a gun lowers reliability
amnesia (50 first dates, finding nemo)
2 types retrograde amnesia, anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
to remember old things
anterograde amnesia
inability to remember new things
retrograde amnesia pt.2
specifically a loss of episodic memory, implicit and semantic memories remain intact ex: dory knew how to swim forgot who she was
anterograde amnesia pt.2
specifically an inability to form new explicit memories, implicit memory remains intact
amnesia cases HM
he is very famous for amnesia, had hippocampi removed to prevent seizures severe anterograde, some retrograde
star tracing task for HM
no explicit memory of the task, but got better.
what is hippocampus involved in
forming new memories except in storing LTM
where do implicit and explicit rely on
different parts of the brain
