ch.777 Flashcards
partial reinforcement
reinforcing behaviors occasionally rather than always
fixed ratio
reinforcement after a fixed number of responses
ex- getting a coke at coke machine
fixed interval
reinforcement after a fixed amount of time
ex- baking cookies takes 10 mins waiting for them to be done
variable ratio
reinforcement after a varying number of responses
ex- never know how many times to play slot machine until you win
variable interval
reinforcement after a varying amount of time ex- checking when your friend responses to a text
operant conditioning
acquiring behaviors as a result of the outcome or consequence of those behaviors
what does behavior result from?
reward and punishment
3 ways operant is different than classical
- organism chooses to perform a behavior
- rewards are dependent on organisms response
- learning involves changes involuntary behavior (not reflexes)
thorndikes law of effect
if a response in the presence of a stimulus is followed by satisfying state of affairs, the bond between stimulus and response is strengthened ex: puzzle cat box
operant learning
involves an association between a stimulus and response, with the reward stamping in this connection
b.f skinner famous behaviorist
developed a highly efficient conditioning chamber called the “skinner box” -use mice and rats press a lever to get food
positive reinforcement
adding a pleasant stimulus is given to a behavior reward
negative reinforcement
taking away/ unpleasant stimulus is removed to increase a behavior ex: get in car seatbelt going off then put seatbelt on and it stops
positive punishment
something unpleasant stimulus added to decrease a behavior ex: sparking a child so they listen
negative punishment
taking away pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior ex: take away phone from not doing chores timeout or going to jail
