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psych college > ch.4 > Flashcards

ch.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

sensation

A

the detection of physical energy by sense organs

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2
Q

transduction

A

conversion of stimulus to electrical signal

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3
Q

perception

A

the brains interpretation of raw sensory input

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4
Q

sensation allows

A

us to gather intro from the external world

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5
Q

perception allows

A

us to make sense of that info

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6
Q

sensory adaption happens at sensory receptor level

A

a decrease in the noticeability of stimulus over time ex: get a smelling candle fall scent later doesn’t smell

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7
Q

absolute threshold

A

the smallest amount of a stimulus we can detect at least 50% of the time ex: a watch ticking 20 feet away you can hear

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8
Q

Just Noticeable Difference (JND)

A

the smallest change we can detect in stimulus strength intro to perception FALSE our perceptual experience is a direct translation of sensory input

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9
Q

pupil

A

hole that allows light into the eye

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10
Q

iris

A

colored part, muscle that controls the pupil

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11
Q

cornea

A

outside covering that helps protect and focus light

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12
Q

lens

A

disc that focuses light on the back of the eye

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13
Q

retina

A

membrane on the back of the eye containing sensory receptors

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14
Q

fovea

A

area on the retina where light is focused

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15
Q

optic nerve

A

transmits visual signals to the rest of the brain

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16
Q

why should i care about fovea?

A

light focuses on the fovea controls how well you see

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17
Q

myopia-nearsighted

A

light focuses too soon

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18
Q

hyperopia-farsighted

A

light focuses too late

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19
Q

photoreceptors

A

visual sensory receptors, located in the retina

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20
Q

cones

A

sense bright light and color

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21
Q

rods

A

sense dim light

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22
Q

where are cones concentrated?

A

concentrated at the fovea, very highly acuity

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23
Q

where are rods concentrated?

A

they are concentrated in the periphery, low acuity

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24
Q

Why should I care about rods?

A

you can use your knowledge of rods to improve your night vision, they get oversaturated in too much light ex: going to bathroom late at night can’t see

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25
Q

what do rods and cones connect to

A

they connect to ganglion cells

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26
Q

ganglion cells

A

carry visual info. from the eye to the brain, form the optic nerve

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27
Q

light (sunlight)

A

has all the wavelengths in it

28
Q

Where are wavelengths absorbed

A

some by surfaces and others are reflected

29
Q

where do objects get their color

A

from reflected light

30
Q

subtractive color mixing

A

mixing pigment absorbs more light (looks darker) paint works this way

31
Q

additive color mixing

A

mixing colored lights give off more lights (gets brighter) light works this way

32
Q

trichromatic theory of color vision

A

idea that color vision is based on three primary colors blue, green and red

33
Q

How many cones do we have that respond to blue, green and red

A

3 cones

34
Q

patterns of activity between different cone types allows

A

us to see all possible colors

35
Q

color blindness

A

occurs when one cone is missing, called dichromatic vision

36
Q

statistics of color blindness

A

5% of men and .25% of women are colorblind

37
Q

opponent process theory of color vision

A

we perceive things in terms of opponent color pairs, red, green, blue light or dark they inhibit each

38
Q

ganglion cells pool incoming info from cones

A

send one signal about the color (either red or green etc) to the brain

39
Q

bottom up processing

A

processing driven primarily by sensory input

40
Q

top down processing

A

processing driven primarily by concepts beliefs or expectations

41
Q

feature integration theory

A

objects are made up of features our cells detect separately color, shape etc.

42
Q

what does feature detection involve?

A

parallel processing, all features can be sensed at once

43
Q

what does feature integration involve?

A

serial processing, each objects features must be integrated one at a time

44
Q

how does your brain decide what an object is?

A

gestalt principles of grouping

45
Q

gestalt principles of grouping

A

cues that help us group features or parts into whole objects

46
Q

proximity

A

physically close things are grouped

47
Q

similarity

A

similar things are grouped

48
Q

good continuation

A

continuous things are grouped

49
Q

closure

A

gaps in borders are ignored to form a whole

50
Q

symmetry

A

symmetrical things are grouped

51
Q

figure-ground

A

foreground is grouped

52
Q

common motion

A

things that more together are grouped

53
Q

depth perception

A

ability to see in 3D

54
Q

two kinds of depth perception

A

monocular cues, binocular cues

55
Q

monocular cues

A

cues that require input from just one eye

56
Q

binocular cues

A

cues that require input from both eyes

57
Q

monocular depth cues

-relative size

A

distant objects look smaller ex: people in pictures who are closer are big

58
Q

monocular depth cues

-texture gradient

A

texture of distant objects is less

ex: fields of flowers

59
Q

interposition (monocular depth cues)

A

closer objects block further ones

ex: something blocking legs podium blocking still think she has legs

60
Q

linear prospective (monocular depth cues)

A

lines coverage over distance

61
Q

height in plane (monocular depth cues)

A

distant objects appear higher

62
Q

light and shadow (monocular depth cues)

A

shadows cue 3D shapes ex: light to dark (dark to light holes)

63
Q

motion paralax (monocular depth cues)

A

further things pass by slower

64
Q

binocular depth cues

-binocular disparity

A

difference in retinal images, slight difference in the view from each eye

65
Q

binocular convergence

binocular depth cues

A

difference in visual angle perceptual illusions

66
Q

what is a lot of our perception based on?

A

a lot of our perception is based on expectations maintaining continuity

psych college (11 decks)

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