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AP Psychology > Chapter 3&4: Consciousness & Nature V Nurture > Flashcards

Chapter 3&4: Consciousness & Nature V Nurture Flashcards

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1
Q

The Brain and Consciousness

A

Awareness of ourselves and our enviroment

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2
Q

Cognitive Neuroscience

A

the interdisciplinary study brain activity linked with our mental process

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3
Q

Dual Processing

A

principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

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4
Q

Selective Attention

A

focusing of awareness on a particular stimulus

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5
Q

intentional blindness

A

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

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6
Q

Change Blindness

A

failing to notice changes in the environment

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7
Q

Conscious Level

A

mental activities normally aware of

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8
Q

Non-Conscious Level

A

inaccsessible to conscious awareness

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9
Q

Pre-Conscious Level

A

not currently aware, but can easily become conscious

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10
Q

Sub-Conscious Level

A

below our present awareness

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11
Q

Un-Conscious Level

A

No Direct Knowledge

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12
Q

Intuition

A

doesn’t rely on logic or rational knowlege

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13
Q

Monthly Cycle

A

Listlessness, slight depression, emotional or behavioral changes

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14
Q

Annual Cycle

A

Slowing Down, energy loss, weight and chemical changes

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15
Q

Circadian Rythem

A

the biological clocks (internal chemical units 24 hour cycle)

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16
Q

Free-running cycle

A

under own control, ignore enviroment

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17
Q

Entrainment

A

process of altering

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18
Q

Beta Waves

A

normal rapid brain waves when awake

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19
Q

Twilight State

A

relaxed state before fall asleep (hallucinations)

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20
Q

Alpha Waves

A

relaxed waves that occur just before sleep

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21
Q

Delta Waves

A

slow, lazy, deep sleep brain waves

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22
Q

REM Sleep

A

rapid eye movement sleep, stage when dreams occur

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23
Q

NREM

A

non-rapid eye movement, sleep involving poorly organized partial thoughts, images, or stories (80% of time sleeping)

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24
Q

Sleep’s Function

A
  • Growth
  • Protection
  • Recoup
  • Store Memories
  • Boost Creativity
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25
Q

Night Terrors

A

horrible dream during NREM, body unprepared - vivid not nightmares

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26
Q

Kliene-Levin Syndrome

A

person sleeps for several days at a time

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27
Q

REM Behavior Disorder

A

no loss of muscle tone during REM sleep, allowing acting out dreams

28
Q

Dreams

A

sequence of images emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping mind

29
Q

Manifest

A

part we recall

30
Q

Latent

A

Hidden Meaning

31
Q

Why we Dream

A
  • Satisfy Wishes
  • File Memories
  • Develop and preserve pathways
  • Make sense of neural static
  • reflect cognitive development
32
Q

Daydreams

A

inward focused thought

33
Q

Daydreams Help us

A
  • Escape reality
  • Prepare for Future Events
  • Mental Rehearsals
  • Social and Cognitive Development
  • indulge Inner impulses and desires
34
Q

Hypnosis

A

state of relaxation with attention focused on certain objects, acts, or feelings

35
Q

Uses of Hypnosis

A
  • Posthypnotic Suggestion
  • Age Regression
  • Medical Precedures
36
Q

Psychoactive Drug

A

substance that alters perceptions and moods

37
Q

Depressants

A

reduce neural activity and slow body functions

38
Q

Stimulants

A

excite neural activity and speed up body functions

39
Q

Hallucinogens

A

psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of actual input

40
Q

Behavior Genetics

A

study of relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

41
Q

Chromosomes

A

structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes

42
Q

DNA

A

complex molecule containing genetic information that makes up the chromosomses

43
Q

Genes

A

biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromososmes

44
Q

Genome

A

complete genetic instructions for making an organisim

45
Q

Identical Twins

A

Single fertilized egg splits (Monozygotic)

46
Q

Fraternal Twins

A

Separate eggs fertilized (Dizygotic)

47
Q

Temperament

A

person’s characteristic emotional re-activity and intensity

48
Q

Heritability

A

proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes

49
Q

Interaction

A

interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor depends on another factor

50
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

study the evolution of behavior and the mind

51
Q

Natural Selection

A

inherited traits that increase reproduction and survival will be passed on

52
Q

Mutation

A

random error in gene replication

53
Q

Cultural Influences

A

the enduring behaviors, ideas, and traditions shared by a group

54
Q

Norm

A

understood rule for accepted and expected bhavior

55
Q

Personal Space

A

buffer of space

56
Q

Individualism

A

priority to one’s goal, personal attributes form identity

57
Q

Collectivism

A

priority to group goals, define identity accordingly

58
Q

Gender Development

A

the biological and social characteristics of male or female

59
Q

Aggression

A

males more physically aggressive, females more verbal or relational

60
Q

Social Power

A

culturally leadership tends to go to men

61
Q

Gender Role Behavior

A

reflect society’s views on appropriate behaviors

62
Q

Gender Identity

A

our sense of being male or female

63
Q

Identification

A

process of modeling after same sex, imitation

64
Q

Androgeny

A

quality of having both characteristics

65
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

We earn social behavior by observing and imitating, by being rewarded or punished

AP Psychology (9 decks)

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