Chapter 3&4: Consciousness & Nature V Nurture Flashcards
The Brain and Consciousness
Awareness of ourselves and our enviroment
Cognitive Neuroscience
the interdisciplinary study brain activity linked with our mental process
Dual Processing
principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
Selective Attention
focusing of awareness on a particular stimulus
intentional blindness
Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
Change Blindness
failing to notice changes in the environment
Conscious Level
mental activities normally aware of
Non-Conscious Level
inaccsessible to conscious awareness
Pre-Conscious Level
not currently aware, but can easily become conscious
Sub-Conscious Level
below our present awareness
Un-Conscious Level
No Direct Knowledge
Intuition
doesn’t rely on logic or rational knowlege
Monthly Cycle
Listlessness, slight depression, emotional or behavioral changes
Annual Cycle
Slowing Down, energy loss, weight and chemical changes
Circadian Rythem
the biological clocks (internal chemical units 24 hour cycle)
Free-running cycle
under own control, ignore enviroment
Entrainment
process of altering
Beta Waves
normal rapid brain waves when awake
Twilight State
relaxed state before fall asleep (hallucinations)
Alpha Waves
relaxed waves that occur just before sleep
Delta Waves
slow, lazy, deep sleep brain waves
REM Sleep
rapid eye movement sleep, stage when dreams occur
NREM
non-rapid eye movement, sleep involving poorly organized partial thoughts, images, or stories (80% of time sleeping)
Sleep’s Function
- Growth
- Protection
- Recoup
- Store Memories
- Boost Creativity
Night Terrors
horrible dream during NREM, body unprepared - vivid not nightmares
Kliene-Levin Syndrome
person sleeps for several days at a time
REM Behavior Disorder
no loss of muscle tone during REM sleep, allowing acting out dreams
Dreams
sequence of images emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping mind
Manifest
part we recall
Latent
Hidden Meaning
Why we Dream
- Satisfy Wishes
- File Memories
- Develop and preserve pathways
- Make sense of neural static
- reflect cognitive development
Daydreams
inward focused thought
Daydreams Help us
- Escape reality
- Prepare for Future Events
- Mental Rehearsals
- Social and Cognitive Development
- indulge Inner impulses and desires
Hypnosis
state of relaxation with attention focused on certain objects, acts, or feelings
Uses of Hypnosis
- Posthypnotic Suggestion
- Age Regression
- Medical Precedures
Psychoactive Drug
substance that alters perceptions and moods
Depressants
reduce neural activity and slow body functions
Stimulants
excite neural activity and speed up body functions
Hallucinogens
psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of actual input
Behavior Genetics
study of relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
Chromosomes
structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes
DNA
complex molecule containing genetic information that makes up the chromosomses
Genes
biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromososmes
Genome
complete genetic instructions for making an organisim
Identical Twins
Single fertilized egg splits (Monozygotic)
Fraternal Twins
Separate eggs fertilized (Dizygotic)
Temperament
person’s characteristic emotional re-activity and intensity
Heritability
proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes
Interaction
interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor depends on another factor
Evolutionary Psychology
study the evolution of behavior and the mind
Natural Selection
inherited traits that increase reproduction and survival will be passed on
Mutation
random error in gene replication
Cultural Influences
the enduring behaviors, ideas, and traditions shared by a group
Norm
understood rule for accepted and expected bhavior
Personal Space
buffer of space
Individualism
priority to one’s goal, personal attributes form identity
Collectivism
priority to group goals, define identity accordingly
Gender Development
the biological and social characteristics of male or female
Aggression
males more physically aggressive, females more verbal or relational
Social Power
culturally leadership tends to go to men
Gender Role Behavior
reflect society’s views on appropriate behaviors
Gender Identity
our sense of being male or female
Identification
process of modeling after same sex, imitation
Androgeny
quality of having both characteristics
Social Learning Theory
We earn social behavior by observing and imitating, by being rewarded or punished
