Chapter 13: Personality Flashcards
Personality
A person’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting that are broad and long-lasting
Psychoanalytic Theory
based on hidden needs in the unconscious that motivate us
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
from Vienna, Austria, became the 1st psychiatrist, believes core of personality appears age 5-6 years
Anna O
Hypnotic, Talking Cure, Hysterical Pregnancy
Unconscious
reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories (unaware of)
Personality Structure
conflict between impulse and restraint create the inner self divisions of how we struggle to control
ID
basic needs and drives, contains libido, without Id we could not survive
SuperEgo
“conscience” that mediated the demands of the mind
Ego
Idealistic self, allows Id controlled expression with boundaries of SuperEgo, shows itself by seeking instant satisfacation and gratification
Oral Stage
Birth to 2, centers on sensual pleasure of mouth; sucking, biting, chewing, major task is weaning
Anal Stage
2 to 3. task is toilet training, problems if too lenient/harsh
Phallic Stage
3 to 6, child develops romantic interest in opposite-sex parent and hostility toward same-sex parent
Latency Stage
6 to preteen, earlier conflicts remain subdud
Genital Stage
Puberty on, mature sexual feelings toward another person cause reappearance of earlier conflicts
Defense Mechanisms
behaviors to protect ego against anxiety
Neo-Freudian/ Psycho-dynamic Theorists
accept Freud’s basic personality ideas and the unconscious but were different in:
- More emphasis on conscious minds
- doubted that only sex and aggression were all-consuming motivations
Alfred Adler
Social interaction is key
Alfred Adler
Social interaction is key
Inferiority Complex
Insecure people struggle to look better, spend life trying to dominate, and control others
Carl Jung
Freud follower turned dissenter, doubts animal instinct - focuses on innate capabilities
Collective Unconscious
Universal experiences shared by human race
Archetypes
Universal cultural themes
Persona
A mask to hide true self
Anima
Feminine aspect of persona
Animus
Masculine aspect of persona
Erik Erikson
Opportunity to change throughout life
Trust v Mistrust
Infant dependence on caregiver
Autonomy v Shame
Physical independence
Initiative v Guilt
Explore, intellectual separateness
Industry v Inferiority
Molded, skills, lack rewards
Identity v Identity Confusion
Self-identity in group
Intimacy v Isolation
Permanent relationships
Generatively v Stagnation
Gives something important
Ego Integrity v Ego Despair
Dignity at completion of life or lack control
Projective Tests
Personality test to measure inner feelings elicited by a vague stimulus like an ink blot or picture
Thematic Apperception Test
Shown vague pictures and asked to interpret them by adding stories
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Hermann Rorschach, a Swiss psychologist creates in ink blot cards
Situational Assessments
Look at how circumstances surrounding an event influence people’s responses
Norms
Patterns of test answers from different types of people
The Humanistic Perspective
Focus of the ways healthy people strive for self-determination and self-realization
Abraham Maslow
Each inherit something unique and if the enviroment cooperates we have opportunity for greatness
Carl Rogers
People are basically good, problems living up to ideal self
Frank Fromm
Distinctively human or existential needs
5 points of Fromm’s theory
- Relatedness
- Transcendence
- Rootedness
- Sense of Identity
- Frame of Orientation
Behaviorism
Unconscious is ignored, focus on behaviors and that out personalities evolve from rewards and punishments
John B. Watson
If we could control environment from infancy, mold person into anything
B.F. skinner
Everything is a result of a mechanical association of events with consequences
Albert Bandura
Some things are learned by straight association, but what about our ability to think, analyze, and inferiority?
Trait Theories
Personality traits make up out personality, influence, how we perceive the world and respond to it
Gordon Allport
- Cardinal Traits
- Central Traits
- Secondary Traits
Raymond Cattell
- Surface Traits
- Source Traits
Hans Eysenck
- Extroversion
- Emotional Stability
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Five personality traits appear early or are inherited, found across cultures and seem to be enduring over lifetime
MMPI measure these 5 points
- Conscientiousness
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism
- Openness
- Extraversion
These Three Characteristics remain the same regardless of age:
- Friendliness
- Eagerness
- Comfort/Anxiety levels
