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AP Psychology > Chapter 16: Social Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Social Psychology

A

scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

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2
Q

Attribution Theory

A

Describes how people explain the causes of behavior by crediting either the Situation or the person’s disposition

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3
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

Tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition when analyzing another’s behavior

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4
Q

Antecedents

A

rely on information, beliefs, and motivations we already have to farm opinions

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5
Q

Attribution

A

act of nothing judgments about the causes for another’s behavior

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6
Q

Consequences

A

the emotional responses behavior, and expectations that result from attribution

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7
Q

Attitudes

A

feeling, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a Particular way to objects, people, and events

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8
Q

Our Attitudes affect our

A

Actions

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9
Q

Our Attitudes affect our

A

Actions

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10
Q

Central Route Persuasion

A

interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

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11
Q

Peripheral Route

A

people are influenced with incidental cues, such as attractiveness

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12
Q

Our Actions affect our

A

Attitudes

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13
Q

Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon

A

tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

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14
Q

Role

A

set of explanations (norms) about a social position that defines proper behavior

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15
Q

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A

we act to reduce discomfort that is felt when thoughts are inconsistent with actions for beliefs
solution-must be reconciled or justified

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16
Q

Conformity

A

adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

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17
Q

Conformity

A

adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

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18
Q

Normative Social Influence

A

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

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19
Q

Informational Social Influence

A

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept other’s opinions about reality

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20
Q

Obedience

A

follow what yore are told to do

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21
Q

Social Facilitation

A

stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

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22
Q

Social Loafing

A

tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts for a common goal then individual accountability.

23
Q

Deindividuation

A

loss of sense at self-awareness and self-restraint as a result of being in a group (anonymity)

24
Q

Group Polarization

A

enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

25
Q

Groupthink

A

desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal at alternatives

26
Q

Prejudice

A

unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members.Usually involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to diserimatary action

27
Q

Stereotypen

A

generalized belief about a group at people

28
Q

Discrimination

A

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

29
Q

Illusory Correlations

A

seeing re lationshyss between thongs that match already held beliefs, ignore what does not match beliefs

30
Q

Social Roots of Prejudice

A

“Us versus Them”

31
Q

Social Roots of Prejudice

A

“Us versus Them”

32
Q

Ingroup

A

people with whom we share a common identity- “Us”

33
Q

Outgroup

A

those perceived as different or apart from our in-group- “Them”

34
Q

Ingroup Bias

A

tendency to favor our own group

35
Q

Scapegoat Theory

A

theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

36
Q

Other-Race Effect

A

tendency to accurately recall faces of own race

37
Q

Just-World Phenomenon

A

tendency for people to believe the world is “Just” (get what they deserve, deserve what they get)

38
Q

Aggression

A

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

39
Q

Frustration-Aggression Principle

A

belief that frustration creates anger, which can generate aggression

40
Q

Catharsis

A

supposedly get rid of aggression by viewing others acting aggressively

41
Q

Altruism

A

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

42
Q

Bystander Effect

A

tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

43
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A

responsibility is spreadsheet amongst group members

44
Q

Kitty Genovese Murder

A

Attacked 3 times in 30 minutes; Multiple witnesses claim that they didn’t call 911 because they thought that others already have (prime example of Bystander-effect)

45
Q

Social Exchange Theory

A

our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

46
Q

Reciprocity Norm

A

expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

47
Q

Social-Responsibility Norm

A

an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them

48
Q

Evaluation Apprehension

A

Concern how others will judge you

49
Q

Risky Shift Phenomenon

A

risk is split among group members (ex. Rodney King Riots)

50
Q

Mirror-Image Perceptions

A

when conflicting people hold the view that we are ethical/peaceful and the other side is evil/aggressive

51
Q

Immunization

A

trained to resistpersuasion or propaganda

52
Q

Brainwashing Techniques

A
  • Friendliness
  • Sensory Deprivation
  • Rewards
53
Q

Stockholm Syndrome

A

paradoxical phenomenon wherein hostages express adulation and have positive feelings toward captors

AP Psychology (9 decks)

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