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Comprehensive Health Assessments > Chapter 3,4,6 : Techniques/Equipment and Expected Vital Signs > Flashcards

Chapter 3,4,6 : Techniques/Equipment and Expected Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Infection Control

A

discipline concerning controlling and decreasing the risk of spreading infections

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2
Q

Standard Precautions

A

minimum infection prevention practices that apply to all patient care, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status of the patient, in any setting where health care is delivered

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3
Q

Inspection

A

data obtained by a visual examination of the body, including body movement and posture, as well as that obtained by smell

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4
Q

Palpation

A

using the hands to feel texture, size, shape, consistency, pulsation, and location of certain parts of the patient’s body

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5
Q

Percussion

A

performed to evaluate the size, borders, and consistency of internal organs
- doing a sort of hitting motion to evaluate the internal organs

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6
Q

Tympany

A

heard over the abdomen
- occurs as a result of distension
- abdomen sounds like a drum
(stomach, and gas bubbles)

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7
Q

Resonance

A

heard over healthy lung tissue
- hollow

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8
Q

Hyperresonance

A

heard in overinflated lungs
- heard in various abnormal pulmonary conditions
- booming

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9
Q

Dullness

A

heard over the liver
- thudlike

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10
Q

Flatness

A

heard over bones and muscle
- extremely dull

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11
Q

Auscultation

A

listening to sounds within the body

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12
Q

Supine

A

flat on your back
- most relaxed position and provides easy access to pulse sites

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13
Q

Dorsal Recumbent

A

flat on back with knees raised (on table) and bent outwards

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14
Q

Sims

A

slightly on stomach with left leg bent and right leg straight
- used to expose rectal area

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15
Q

Prone

A

completely on the stomach
- used to assess the extension of the hip joint

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16
Q

Lateral Recumbent

A

lay on your side
- used in detecting murmurs

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17
Q

Tripod Position

A

sit slightly forward, bracing the arms on your knees
- helps open up the airways making it easier to breathe

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18
Q

Systolic Blood Pressure

A

the maximum pressure exerted on arteries when the ventricles contract or eject blood from the heart

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19
Q

Diastolic Blood Pressure

A

the minimum amount of pressure exerted on the vessels; this occurs when the ventricles relax and fill with blood

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20
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure
- the force the heart generates each time it contracts

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21
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension

A

low blood pressure when you stand up from sitting or lying down

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22
Q

Oscillometer Blood Pressure

A

blood pressure reading you get from an automatic cuff device

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23
Q

Korotkoff Sounds

A

sounds you hear from the blood pulsating through the artery again

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24
Q

Physiologic

A

relating to the functioning of living bodies or their parts

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25
Diurnal Variations
fluctuations that occur during each day
26
Oxygen Saturation
percentage of oxygen in a person's blood
27
What are the Vital Sign Ranges for a Infant ?
RR: 30-60 HR: 120-160
28
What are the Vital Sign Ranges for a Toddler ?
RR: 24-40 HR: 90-140
29
What are the Vital Sign Ranges for a School-Age Kid ?
RR: 18-30 HR: 75-100
30
What are the Vital Sign Ranges for a Adolescent ?
RR: 12-16 HR: 60-90 BP: 110-131/64-83
31
What are the Vital Sign ranges for a Adult ?
RR: 12-20 HR: 60-100 BP: <120/<80
32
What is the Temp range for Ped and Adult patients ?
96.4-99.1 F
33
What is a General Inspection and what does it include ?
observations you make from the very beginning (the moment you meet the patient) - Appearance - Body Structure and Position - Body Movement - Emotional and Mental Status
34
When taking the pulse of an infant/kid where do you take it's pulse and for how long ?
the apical pulse and for the full 60 secs
35
True or False Is an irregular respiratory rate normal in infants ?
True
36
What causes BP increases ?
- Age: increases as you age - Emotions: anxiety, anger, stress - Pain - caffeine, smoking 30 minutes before - obesity
37
What causes False Low BP ?
- arm above heart level - cuff is too wide - not inflating cuff enough - deflating cuff too fast - pressing diaphragm too firmly on brachial artery
38
What causes False High BP ?
- patients legs crossed - arm below heart level - cuff bladder is too narrow - reinflating of cuff without complete deflation - failure to wait 1-2 mins before repeat
39
In Fluid Retention, what # of fluid increases the # of weight ?
1 L of fluid increases weight by 2.2 lbs
40
What is Somatic (parietal) Pain ?
caused by inflammation of structure - pain is sharp and well-localized
41
What is Neuropathic Pain ?
nerve pain - shooting, tingly, numbness, zaps
42
What is Referred Pain ?
located away from the tissue damage itself - pain in shoulder can mean a heart attack
43
What is Visceral Pain ?
dull pain that is poorly localized - arises within the abdominal organs
44
What does OLDCARTS mean ?
O: Onset (When did it begin?) L: Location (What area is it in?) D: Duration (How long has it occurred?) C: Characteristic (How does it feel?) A: Aggravating/Alleviating (What it feel better or worse?) R: Related Symptoms (Other symptoms present?) T: Treatment (What treatment have you tried to make it feel better?) S: Severity (On a scale from 0-10 how does it feel?)
45
What pain chart is most appropriate for a Nonverbal Pediatric Patient ? - either are nonverbal or are babies who can't speak
FLACC - used in 2 months to 7 years - is a chart that assigns points by behavioral observations of the child
46
What pain chart is good for kids at a speaking age ?
Wong-Baker FACES rating scale
47
What pain chart is appropriate for a nonverbal adult ?
NVPS - is a chart that assigns points by behavioral observations through a adult assessment
48
Do Chronic patients experience a change in their vital signs due to pain ?
not usually because their body is accustomed to the pain
49
When taking a tympanic temp in an infant/child how do you pull the ear helix ?
tug ear helix down
50
When taking a tympanic temp in an adult how do you pull the ear helix ?
tug ear helix up
51
Why is the axillary temp not as accurate ?
poorly reflects core temp because it's not near any major blood vessels - 1 degree lower than oral temp
52
What are some pediatric considerations when taking vital signs ?
- if less than 6 months have them on table/bed - if greater than 6 months have them on caregivers lap - do HR and RR before you undress so they aren't upset which will affect vital signs - do non-invasive vitals so you don't get an inaccurate reading (like do HR and RR before assessing eyes)
53
Where do men and babies usually breathe from ?
more abdominal breathers
54
What are the different BMI levels ?
Underweight: <18.5 Healthy: 18.5-24.9 Overweight: 25-29.9 Obese: >30
55
What surface of your hand is most sensitive to vibration ?
ulnar
56
What surface of your hand is most sensitive to temperature ?
dorsal
57
What is light palpation used for ?
skin, pulsations, and tenderness - 1 cm deep
58
What is deep palpation used for ?
organ size, and contour - 4 cm deep
59
What is the diaphragm of the stethoscope used for ?
used for high-pitched sounds like breath, bowel and normal heart sounds
60
What is the bell of the stethoscope used for ?
used to hear soft, low-pitched sounds like extra heart or vascular sounds (bruit) - concave in shape - press lightly or it will function as a diaphragm
61
What are some considerations for oral temperature ?
- for 5 years- adult - in adults: smoking, eating, drinking can impact for 10 mins - place in posterior sublingual pocket - measures temp of carotid artety
62
What are some causes of hyperthermia in newborns ?
- viral/bacterial infections - dehydration - exposure to heat
63
What are some causes of hypothermia in newborns ?
- environmental exposure
64
Where do you listen for the apical pulse in adults ?
5th ICS MCL (mitral)
65
How do you measure cuff size for manual BP ?
- should measure between olecranon (shoulder) and acromial process (elbow) - Cuff bladder length should be 80-100% of arm circumference - Cuff bladder width should be about 40% of arm circumference
66

Comprehensive Health Assessments (13 decks)

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