Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Comprehensive Health Assessments > Chapter 13: Abdomen and GI System > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Abdomen and GI System Flashcards

1
Q

Aneurysm

A

A ballooning out or abnormally widening of part of a weakened artery wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Appendicitis

A

condition in which the appendix becomes inflamed, swollen, or infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bruit

A

sounds resembling heart murmurs
- swishing or washing machine-like sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Contour

A

smooth outline or shape of the abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Costovertebral Angle

A

90 degree angle formed between the curve of the 12th rib located on the back at the bottom of rib cage and spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Distention

A

an enlargement, dilation, or ballooning effect of the abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gastrostomy Tube

A

tube inserted through the abdomen that delivers nutrition directly to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Iliopsoas

A

two separate abdominal muscles (psoas and iliacus) merged in the thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nasogastric Tube

A

thin tube that is passed through the nose and down through the nasopharynx and esophagus into the stomach to carry food and medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Obturator Muscle Test

A

physical test of inflammation in the region of the obturator internus muscle; usual cause is an inflamed appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ostomy

A

a hole made by surgery to allow stool or urine to leave the body through the abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Rebound Tenderness

A

deep palpation over the suspected inflamed appendix followed by sudden release of the pressure which causes the severe pain on the site
- indicates peritonitis (inflamed peritoneal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Scaphoid

A

condition in which the anterior abdominal wall is sunken and presents a concave rather than a convex contour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tympany

A

high pitched sound that indicates a hollow space filled by air or gas in the stomach or intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Umbilicus

A

belly button

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Urinary Catheter

A

a hollow tube inserted into the bladder to drain or collect urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is important about the physical examination of the abdomen ?

A

order must be:
- inspection
- auscultation (must follow inspection)
- percussion
- palpation
(percussion and palpation can be flipped)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some important things to ensure for a abdominal assessment ?

A
  • client must empty bladder before
  • expose abdomen from xyphoid process to groin
  • position in supine position with pillow under head and knees (if not pillow then have patient bend knees)
  • avoid quick, unexpected movements
  • watch facial expressions during exam
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is ascities and what are the symptoms (interstitial fluid) ?

A

it’s the buildup of fluid in the abdomen that is indicative of liver failure
- abdominal distension
- different from being fat because the belly is firm/hard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do you measure abdominal distension ?

A

measuring tape around abdomen at the level of the superior iliac crests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What side of stethoscope do you use to listen for bowel sounds ?

A

diaphragm
- bell is for bruits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are normal bowel sounds ?

A

high-pitched gurgling or clicking sounds
- usually occur 5 to 35 times per min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What types of sounds aren’t normal in the abdomen ?

A

vascular sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are some reasons for abdominal distension ?

A
  • obesity (fat)
  • air or gas (flatulence)
  • ascites (interstitial fluid)
  • cyst or abscess (ovarian or intra-abdominal)
  • pregnancy
  • feces (constipation/fecal impaction)
  • tumor (uterine fibroid, colon or other GI cancer, benign or malignant)
  • hernia (bowel pushing through abdominal wall musculature)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the sequence you take to auscultate the bowel sounds ?
RUQ, LUQ, LLQ, RLQ
26
What are normoactive bowel sounds ?
- irregular - high pitched gurgles or clicks (5-35 times per min)
27
What are hypoactive bowel sounds ?
- 1-4 sounds per min - lower in pitch
28
What are hyperactive bowel sounds ?
- more than 35 sounds per min - high-pitched sounds - borborygmi (rumbling or gurgling sounds)
29
What are some reasons for hypoactive bowel sounds ?
- bowel/mechanical obstruction - NPO (nothing per mouth) - haven't eaten anything in a while - paralytic (paralysis)
30
What are some reasons for hyperactive bowel sounds ?
- diarrhea - stomach bug - Crohn's
31
What are arterial vascular sounds ?
- heard in 4-20% of healthy people - during systole - continuous regardless of patient position - swishing sound - use bell of stethoscope over aorta, renal, iliac, and femoral arteries for bruits
32
What are venous vascular sounds ?
- soft sound - continuous, louder diastolic component - low pitched - use bell of stethoscope over epigastric region and around umbilicus - can be heard in some young, healthy individuals - associated with portal hypertension & cirrhosis
33
How much should you depress for palpation ?
- about 1 cm
34
What are some organs you shouldn't be able to palpate ?
kidneys, spleen, or gallbladder
35
When should you palpate the areas of reported pain ?
palpate these last - it could cause them to tense up which could affect your findings - observe for facial grimaces
36
When is percussion done ?
when you suspect distension, fluid or solid masses
37
When percussing where do you strike your finger ?
use indirect finger for percussion - strike between cuticle and first joint (distal interphalangeal joint)
38
What are some signs/symptoms of visceral pain ?
arises from abdominal organ - dull pain, poorly localized (intestinal obstruction, pancreatic tumor) - can't really locate where pain is
39
What are some signs/symptoms of parietal (somatic) pain ?
caused by inflammation of structure - pain is sharp and well localized (peritonitis, ruptured appendix)
40
What is McBurney Point ?
point of specialized tenderness in acute appendicitis between the umbilicus and the right anterior superior iliac spine
41
What is a test that means acute appendicitis ?
- rebound tenderness: press firmly into the abdomen and release quickly which will cause pain (pain is felt when pressure is released and not when pressure is applied) - pain= acute appendicitis - worse when they cough
42
What is the iliopsoas muscle test ?
assessment for pain caused by inflammation - performed if appendicitis is suspected - press against raised, right leg or place patient on left side and have patient hyperextend the right leg at the hip - iliopsoas muscle may be irritated indicating inflamed appendix
43
What is the obturator muscle test ?
assessment for pain caused by inflammation - performed if ruptured appendix or pelvic abscess is suspected - raise the patient's right leg with the knee flexed - pain in hypogastric region indicated irritation to obturator muscle
44
What is incontinence ?
lack of control of urination or defecation
45
What is stress incontinence ?
loss of urine (small) during physical experience, laughing, sneezing, exercising
46
What is urge incontinence ?
strong, sudden urge to void - comes on really fast - associated with diabetes, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, stroke
47
What is overflow incontinence ?
when the bladder is already full and there is leaking of urine from the bladder - associated with enlarged prostate
48
What is functional incontinence ?
don't have any problems with bladder but can't get to the bathroom quickly enough - associated with mobility issues, like arthritis
49
What does dark urine signify?
kidney or liver disease
50
What are some pediatric consideration for newborns ?
- synchronous abdominal and chest wall movements - diastasis rectus during crying - visible pulsations (epigastric) are common - edge of liver may be palpable (1-2 cm below right costal margin) - both kidneys may be noted with deep palpation
51
What are some pediatric consideration for toddlers/children ?
- round (bot) belly present - umbilical hernia can be present (most resolve spontaneously) - belly breathers until age 7
52
What is expected palpation results ?
- no tenderness - relaxed muscles throughout - no masses
53
What is a common reason for tympany ?
- gas
54
What are common reasons for dullness ?
- distension - fluid - mass - liver - spleen (normally can't be percussed) - full stomach and stool may create dullness
55
What organs are found in the RUQ ?
- liver - gallbladder - duodenum
56
What organs are found in the LUQ ?
- spleen - stomach - heart
57
What organs are found in the RLQ ?
- cecum - appendix
58
What organs are found in the LLQ ?
- sigmoid colon
59
What are some symptoms of a bladder infection ?
pain or burning with urination
60
What can frequent urinating in small amounts mean ?
- infection - incontinence - enlarged prostate
61
What are some symptoms of kidney infection (pyelonephritis) or kidney stone ?
fever, chills, and backpain
62
What can edema and low urine output mean ?
kidney failure causing fluid retention - SOB, sudden weight gain
63
What are some normal inspection findings ?
- abdomen flat or rounded and symmetrical - uniform in color and pigmentation - striae, scars, faint vascular network may be present - surface is smooth, with centrally located umbilicus - no masses or nodules - ripples of peristalsis not usually visible - non-exaggerated pulsation of the abdominal aorta may be present - no respiratory retractions
64
What is cirrhosis ?
degenerative disease that causes scarring and liver failure
65
What is Gastroesophageal Reflex Disease (GERD) ?
chronic digestive disease where the liquid content (acid and enzymes) of the stomach refluxes to the esophagus
66
How long do you listen to the bowel sounds before determining if they are absent ?
a total of 4 minutes - 1 min in each quadrant
67
With what side of the stethoscope do you listen for bowel sounds ?
with the diaphragm - bell is used for bruits
68
What is the order of quadrants when auscultating for bowel sounds ?
RUQ, LUQ, LLQ, RLQ
69
What is the range for normoactive bowel sounds ?
5-30 per min
70
What does dark urine usually mean ?
kidney or liver disease

Comprehensive Health Assessments (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions