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Comprehensive Health Assessments > Chapter 10: HEENT > Flashcards

Chapter 10: HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

Accommodation

A

adjustment, especially of the eye for seeing objects at various distances

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2
Q

Cardinal Fields of Gaze

A

determine how well the 6 extraocular eye muscles are working along with Cranial Nerves 3, 4, 6

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3
Q

Consensual Reaction

A

reaction of the other pupil after a light test in the first
- identical change in pupil size in both eyes when light is shone into one eye

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4
Q

Constriction

A

closing of the eye pupil
- to limit the amount of light that enters the pupil
- for close vision

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5
Q

Dilation

A

widening of the eye
- to allow more light to enter the eye

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6
Q

Cornea

A

clear, bowl-shaped structure at the front of the eye, located in front of the colored part of the eye (iris)
- controls and focuses the light that enters the eye

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7
Q

Cover and Uncover Test

A

observing movement and response of uncovered eye while the other is covered

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8
Q

Exophthalmos

A

abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs
- sign of hyperthyroidism

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9
Q

Helix

A

margin of the ear’s auricle

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10
Q

Hirschberg Test

A

corneal light reflex test
-shine light in eyes and the light reflection should be at the same point in each eye

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11
Q

Inner and Out Canthus

A

inner and outer angular junction of the eyelids at either corner of the eyes
- corner of the eyes

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12
Q

Iris

A

circular opening that allows light into the eye

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13
Q

Limbus

A

edge of corneas where it joins the sclera

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14
Q

Nystagmus

A

involuntary movement of the eye

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15
Q

Palperbral Fissure

A

elliptic space between the medial and lateral canthi of the two open lids

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16
Q

Perrla

A

Acronym
- Pupils are Equal, Round, Reactive to Light with Accommodations

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17
Q

Pinna

A

projecting part of the ear

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18
Q

Peripheral Vision

A

angle between the axis of the eye looking directly at the examiner and the peripheral axis where the object is first seen

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19
Q

Presbyopia

A

loss of the eyes’ lens to accommodate to near vision; occurs around age 40
- leads to Farsightedness
- will see patient move the cards further away to see clearly

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20
Q

Pupil

A

black circular area of eye that lets in light

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21
Q

Rinne Test

A

evaluates hearing loss in one ear
- place tuning fork at mastoid process and then in front of the patient’s ear

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22
Q

Sclera

A

tough fibrous tunic forming the outer envelope of the eye and covering all of the eyeball except the cornea
- white outer layer of the eyeball

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23
Q

Snellen Charts

A

traditional eye chart with a large letter E at the top followed by progressively smaller print

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24
Q

Strabismus

A

cross-eyed, optic axes cannot be directed to the same object
- caused by weakness of extraocular muscles

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25
Thyroid
hormone glad that plays an important role in metabolism, growth, and development of human body
26
Tonsils
soft organs located at each side of the back of the throat; part of the immune system
27
Visual Acuity (Distance)
ability of the eye to distinguish shapes and the details of objects at a given distance
28
Visual Acuity (Near Vision)
measurement of how well you can see close objects; usually 16-18 inches
29
Trachea
tube about 4 inches long and less than an inch in diameter allowing air to pass into the body; commonly called the windpipe
30
Weber Test
hearing screening test done with a tuning fork to detect one-sided conductive hearing loss in the middle ear and unilateral sensorineural inner ear hearing loss
31
Dizziness vs. Vertigo
- D: feeling like you will faint - V: feeling like the world is spinning
32
What is presyncope ?
feelings of faintness
33
What is disequilibrium ?
feeling of falling
34
What is Bell's Palsy ?
- whole 1 side of face is paralyzed or numb - affects CN VII - usually temporary - has wrinkles on side of face that can still be moved and none of the side that can't be moved
35
What is CVA (cerebral vascular accident) ?
- think of stroke - affects CN VII - has wrinkles on both side of face - opposite site of injury will be the side that if affected - motor response in upper part is normal - caused by blood clot or hemorrhage - loss of blood flow (oxygen) to the brain
36
From what side of the brain does the innervation to the muscles of the upper face come from ?
- both sides of the brain
37
From what side of the brain does the innervation to the muscles of the lower face come from ?
- from the opposite side of the brain only
38
How do we test for visual acuity ?
Snellen chart (CN II)
39
What are the conditions to use the Snellen chart ?
- stand 20 ft away from chart - cover one eye at a time - well lighted room - read smallest line possible - when documenting say if they use correction glasses or contacts
40
What eye chart can we use for people who can't read letters ?
e-chart
41
What is considered legally blind ?
20/200
42
What are the conditions to use the Jaeger/Rosenbaum chart ?
- hold chart about 14 inches away from the eye - use to test for near vision for ages 40 and over
43
What does 20/25 mean for visual acuity ?
you can see at 20 feet what someone with normal vision can see at 25 - the larger the denominator the poorer the vision
44
What is myopia ?
- nearsighted
45
What is hyperopia ?
farsighted
46
What is Astigmatism ?
visual distortion resulting from an irregular corneal curvature that prevents light rays from being focused clearly on the retina
47
What is Strabismus ?
when eyes aren't in alignment with each other - moves to focus after being uncovered - caused by extraocular muscle weakness or paralysis
48
What is Nystagmus ?
involuntary movement of the eyeball in a horizontal, vertical, rotary, or mixed direction - can be congenital or acquired from multiple causes
49
How do we test for strabismus ?
cover-uncover test
50
What does the confrontation test assess for ?
assess for peripheral vision
51
How do you perform the confrontation test ?
- face patient and stand or sit at a distance of 2-3 ft - ask patient to cover one eye with an opaque card and look directly at you - cover your own eye directly opposite the patient's covered eye - bring your finger or pencil from the farthest periphery and bring it gradually closer to the midline - you and the patient should see the object at the same time
52
What is enophthalmos ?
eyelid and lashes are rolled in (trauma, congenital, syndromes) - eyes are sunken in
53
What is coloboma ?
a hole in a structure of the eye
54
What is Ptosis ?
lid is covering a portion of the pupil
55
Conjunctiva
the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids - doesn't cover the cornea
56
What is conjunctivitis ?
red conjunctiva with purulent drainage
57
What is the Hirschberg test used for ?
corneal light reflex for symmetry
58
How do you perform the Hirschberg test ?
- patient stares straight ahead with both eyes open - shine penlight toward the bridge of the nose (middle of both eyes) about 12-15 inches away - light reflections should appear symmetric in both corneas
59
What does asymmetrical light reflections in the eye indicate ?
weak extra-ocular muscles - perform cover-uncover test if found
60
When do you perform the cover-uncover test ?
if corneal light reflex is asymmetric
61
How do the pupils react when you look at a close and distant image ?
- Close: pupils constrict - Distant: pupils dilate
62
When assessing for PERRLA should you check for pupil size before or after you shine the light ?
- before because the light will change the size of the pupil
63
How and when should your further access for hearing ?
based on conversation - if patient leans forward as you talk - watches lips as you speak - asks to repeat yourself - misunderstands questions
64
What does low set ears indicate ?
- abnormal - congenital diseases like down syndrome
65
What is the Whisper voice test ?
- have patient occlude 1 ear - while stand 1-2 ft in front of or bedside whisper 1 or 2 syllable words - patient should hear 50% of words - do with both ears
66
What is the Finger rubbing test ?
- have patient close eyes - hold your fingers 3-4 inches from the patients ear, briskly rub your index finger against your thumb - patients with high-frequency hearing loss may not be able to hear the noise
67
What does failure of eyes to move in parallel mean when doing the 6 cardinal fields of gaze ?
weakness of the extraocular muscles or abnormality associated with the cranial nerve - nystagmus
68
What is conduction hearing loss in the Weber test ?
sound will lateralize to the defective ear because its traveling through the bone
69
What is sensorineural hearing loss in the Weber test ?
sound lateralizes to the unaffected ear
70
What does tenderness of the mastoid area mean ?
indicate mastoiditis
71
What does tenderness of the helix of the ear mean ?
an inflammation within the auditory canal
72
If you have conductive hearing loss what does that mean for your bone and air conduction ?
bone conduction longer than air conduction in the affected ear
73
If you have sensorineural hearing loss what does that mean for your bone and air conduction ?
air conduction longer than bone conduction in the affected ear
74
With is considered a normal finding when performing the Rinne test for hearing loss ?
- you should hear the air conduction twice as long as the bone conduction
75
What does tenderness of sinuses indicate ?
sinus congestion or infection
76
What does dry, flaking, cracked lips mean ?
- dehydration - wind exposure
77
What does pale lips mean ?
- anemia or shock
78
What does cyanotic or circumoral lips mean ?
hypoxemia or hypothermia
79
What does cracks and erythema in corner of mouth mean ?
Vit B deficiency
80
What does smooth, beefy-red, edematous with a slick appearance of the tongue mean ?
possible vit B difciency
81
What does irregular patches, map-like appearances of the tongue mean ?
geographic tongue
82
What does a enlarged tongue indicate ?
down syndrome or hypothyroidism
83
What is Leukoplakia ?
white patch or plaque on oral mucosa that can't be scraped off
84
What is Goiter ?
enlarged thyroid - may be seen as fullness in the neck
85
What are signs of Hyperthyroidism ?
excessive secretion of thyroid hormone; commonly caused by Graves disease - Increased metabolism - weight loss - enlargement of thyroid gland - exophthalmos - auscultation of the goiter may reveal a bruit - decreased skin thickness - diaphoresis - warm/hot skin
86
What are signs of Hypothyroidism ?
decreased production of thyroid hormone - decreased metabolism - weight gain - slow motion with depressed effect - goiter may be seen because of increases in thyroid stimulation hormone - enlarged tongue - dull, coarse, brittle hair
87
What can cause hypothyroidism ?
- autoimmune thyroiditis - iodine deficiency - decreased section of thyroid-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus - congenital defects - as a result of the treatment of hyperthyroidism - atrophy of thyroid gland or iodine deficiency
88
What is myopia ?
nearsightedness
89
What is hyperopia ?
farsightedness
90
What is presbyopia ?
lens gradually loses ability to bring close objects into clear focus - natural part of aging

Comprehensive Health Assessments (13 decks)

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