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Nutrition 100 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

connection between atoms, elements, cells, tissues, and organs; the organ systems in the body

A

Atoms combine to form elements element create cells, cells group into tissues, and tissues make up organs which function in organ systems, creating organism

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2
Q

Gastrointestinal Tract

A

consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

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3
Q

Digestive Secretions

A

Consist of Enzymes and Hormones

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4
Q

Enzymes

A

Speed up digestion

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5
Q

salivary amylase

A

in the mouth breaks down carbohydrates (Large starch to smaller)

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6
Q

Renin

A

In the stomach, causes milk protein casein to curdle

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7
Q

Pepsin

A

In the stomach, breaks proteins into polypeptides and amino acids

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8
Q

Trypsin

A

In the Pancreas, Breaks proteins and polypeptides into shorter polypeptides

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9
Q

Chymotrypsin

A

In the small intestine, Breaks proteins and polypeptides into shorter polypeptides

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10
Q

Carboxypeptidase,
aminopeptidase, and dipeptidase

A

In the small intestine, Break polypeptides into amino acids

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11
Q

Pancreatic Lipase

A

Breaks triglycerides into monoglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerol

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12
Q

Pancreatic amylase

A

Breaks starch into shorter glucose chains and maltose

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13
Q

Lipase

A

Breaks monoglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol

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14
Q

Sucrase

A

Breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose

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15
Q

Maltase

A

Breaks maltose into glucose

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16
Q

Dexitinase

A

Breaks short chains of glucose into individual glucose molecules

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17
Q

Hormones

A

Secretin and cholecystokinin regulate secretions in the small intestine​

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18
Q

Gastrin

A

In the stomach Mucosa, secretion of HCL and pepsinogen by gastric glands and increases gastric mobility and emptying

(movement of food through stomach)

19
Q

Somatostatin

A

In stomach and duodenal mucosa, inhibits stomach secretion, mobility, and emptying; pancreatic secretion, absorption, gallbladder contraction, and bile release

20
Q

Secretin

A

in Duodenal Mucosa, stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich fluids, which neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine, and regulates the secretion of digestive enzymes​

21
Q

Cholecystokinin (CKK)

A

Stimulates contraction of gallbladder to expel bile; increases output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice

22
Q

Gastric inhibitory peptide

A

Inhibits gastric secretion and motility

23
Q

GI Tracts Role in Immune Function

A

The GI tract limits the
absorption of toxins
and disease-causing
organisms.

24
Q

Regulation of GI tract

A

Involve hormones and neural signals that control digestion.

25
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Begin digesting in the mouth (salivary amylase), continue in the small intestine (pancreatic amylase).

26
Q

Proteins

A

Start in the stomach (pepsin), continue in the small intestine (proteases from pancreas).

27
Q

Fats

A

Digestion begins in the small intestine, aided by bile from the liver and lipase from the pancreas​.

28
Q

Peristalsis

A

Rhythmic contractions moving food through the GI tract.

29
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap preventing food from entering the windpipe.

30
Q

Parietal Cells

A

Cells in the stomach that produce hydrochloric acid.

30
Q

Intrinsic Factor

A

A protein necessary for vitamin B12 absorption.

31
Q

Pepsin

A

An enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins

32
Q

Immune Role of the GI Tract

A

helps protect the body from toxins and pathogens by limiting their absorption. Immune cells like phagocytes and lymphocytes are present in the GI tract​

33
Q

Ancillary organs

A

Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Large intestine

34
Q

Liver

A

Produces bile to emulsify fats

35
Q

Gallbladder

A

Stores bile and releases it into the small intestine.

36
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate.

37
Q

Large Intestine

A

Absorbs water and forms waste

38
Q

Common Digestive Problems

A

Heartburn, Reflux, Ulcers, Constipation, and Diarrhea

39
Q

Heartburn/Reflux

A

Stomach acid entering the esophagus. (overeating, anxiety, stress, pregnancy, hiatal hernia, or diesease processes

40
Q

Ulcers

A

Erosion in the stomach lining. Pain, bleeding, infection abdominally

41
Q

Constipation

A

Difficulty in bowel movements.

42
Q

Diarrhea

A

Frequent loose or watery stools

Nutrition 100 (11 decks)

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