Chapter 10 Flashcards
What is the composition of body fluids?
Consist of water (50–70% of the body), electrolytes, and solutes.
Function of body fluids
Transporting oxygen and nutrients (blood and urine)
Regulating body temperature, Blood volume and Pressure
Lubricating tissues
* Cerebrospinal fluid
* Amniotic fluid
* Synovial fluid
* Digestive secretions
Removing waste
What are the body fluid compartments?
Intracellular Fluid (ICF), Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
Inside cells;
high in (K⁺) and protein
low in (Na⁺) and (Cl⁻).
Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
Outside cells;
includes interstitial fluid, lymph, and blood plasma
High in (Na+) and (Cl-)
low in (K+).
How does the body maintain fluid balance?
Gain, Loss, and Regulation
Gain
Through beverages, food, and metabolic water (10–14% daily needs).
Loss
Via urine, sweat, breathing, and feces.
Influenced by environment, Exercise, injury/illness, pregancy and diuretics
Regulation
Thirst mechanism, Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (regulation of blood pressure)
Why do Canadians use bottled water, and what are the safety standards?
Canadians prefer bottled water for better taste and perceived safety
what are the safety standards for Bottled Water?
Regulations ensure it meets quality standards, though environmental concerns about plastic use remain.
What nutrients act as electrolytes?
Sodium (Na⁺), Potassium (K⁺), Chloride (Cl⁻), Calcium (Ca²⁺), and Magnesium (Mg²⁺).
What are the primary functions of fluids in the body?
- Transport substances (e.g., in blood and urine).
- Regulate blood volume and pressure.
- Maintain body temperature (e.g., via sweat).
- Protect and lubricate tissues (e.g., cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid).
What triggers the thirst mechanism in the body?
Increased plasma osmolality or decreased blood volume triggers the hypothalamus to stimulate thirst.
Sodium (Na+) purpose of fluid in body
Fluid balance, nerve transmission, muscle contraction.
Potassium (K+) purpose of fluid in body
Fluid balance, nerve impulses, lowers blood pressure.
Chloride (Cl-) purpose of fluid in body
Fluid balance, part of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in digestion, immune support.
Sodium imbalances
Hypernatremia and Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia health risk
Low blood sodium; caused by vomiting, diarrhea, excessive water intake. Risks include muscle cramps and confusion.
Hypernatremia health risk
High blood sodium; linked to dehydration and kidney issues.
What are potassium imbalances and their associated health risks?
Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia
Hypokalemia
Low potassium; causes fatigue, muscle cramps, irregular heartbeat.
Hyperkalemia
High potassium; occurs due to kidney dysfunction, causing heart irregularities or attacks.
How is diet related to hypertension, and what is Canada’s sodium reduction strategy?
- Diets high in sodium increase hypertension risk (>140/90 mmHg).
- Canada’s strategy includes reducing sodium intake through public awareness and food industry changes.
- The DASH diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, and low sodium.
What are the recommended intakes for water?
Men: 3.7 L/day; Women: 2.7 L/day. (19 + years old)
What are the recommended intakes for Sodium?
AI: 1500 mg/day, UL: 2300 mg/day.
What are the recommended intakes for Potassium?
RDA: 4700 mg/day.
What are the recommended intakes for Chloride?
AI: 2300 mg/day.
