Chapter 15 Flashcards
What are common nutritional concerns among Canadian children and adolescents?
Increased intake of saturated fats, sodium, excess calories, fast foods, and decreased physical activity.
Related illnesses include obesity, asthma, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
What are key reasons for childhood obesity?
Genetics, low physical activity, increased screen time, larger portion sizes, and exposure to food advertising.
How can childhood obesity be prevented?
Increase physical activity, reduce screen time, educate about food marketing, teach cooking skills, and provide healthy meals without over-restricting intake.
Why is growth monitoring important for children?
It tracks growth spurts and changes in body composition, ensuring children meet developmental milestones.
What are dietary energy and macronutrient requirements for children?
Fat: 40-55% (infants), 30-40% (1-3 years), 25-35% (4-18 years)
Protein: varies by age and body weight
Carbohydrates: similar to adults.
What are typical meal patterns for young children?
Meals include breastfeeding, iron-fortified cereals, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and protein sources like eggs, fish, and beans.
What are the regulations for labeling foods designed for young children?
Labels must provide accurate nutritional information. The Canadian Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative promotes healthy food marketing.
What causes dental caries in children?
Prolonged contact between sugar and teeth bacteria, especially from sticky foods, juices, and sugary drinks.
Is there a link between diet and hyperactivity?
No definitive link between sugar and hyperactivity; environmental factors play a larger role.
What is lead toxicity?
Lead accumulates in bones and can cause learning disabilities, behavior problems, and severe health issues in children under six.
How do adolescents’ nutrient needs change during growth spurts?
They need higher energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals, including calcium, iron, and vitamin D.
What are strategies for meeting adolescent nutrient needs?
Encourage balanced diets rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains while limiting soft drinks and processed foods.
What are unique dietary concerns for teenagers?
Issues include vegetarian diets, eating for appearance or performance, use of oral contraceptives, teen pregnancy, and tobacco/alcohol use.
What is the difference between a food allergy and food intolerance?
A food allergy triggers an immune response (e.g., hives, rash, breathing issues)
food intolerance affects digestion (e.g., lactose intolerance).
What is celiac disease?
An autoimmune disorder where gluten consumption damages the small intestine, causing malabsorption and digestive issues.
