Chapter 18 Flashcards
What are the components of malnutrition?
Undernutrition (protein-energy deficiency, micronutrient deficiencies)
Overconsumption (high-calorie diets, lacking essential nutrients)
What is the cycle of undernutrition?
Begins with poor nutrition, leading to weakened immunity, increased disease risk, impaired growth, and perpetuates poverty and reduced productivity.
What are common nutrient deficiencies associated with malnutrition?
Protein-energy, iron, iodine, vitamin A, calcium, and folate deficiencies.
How does malnutrition impact individuals and communities?
Causes stunted growth, cognitive impairment, increased disease risk, economic hardship, and reduced social development.
Define food security
Having access to safe, nutritious, and culturally appropriate foods in adequate amounts without sacrificing human dignity.
What causes food shortages?
Poverty, overpopulation, food distribution issues, environmental degradation, and cultural practices limiting access to food.
How does sustainability relate to nutrition?
Sustainable food systems reduce environmental impact, promote biodiversity, and ensure long-term food security.
What is the double burden of malnutrition?
The coexistence of undernutrition and obesity within individuals, households, and communities.
What contributes to global nutrition disparities?
Inequitable food distribution, poverty, economic instability, and limited access to education and healthcare.
What is the nutrition transition?
The shift from traditional diets to processed, high-fat, and sugary foods due to urbanization and economic development.
How are the UN Sustainable Development Goals related to nutrition?
Goals like ending hunger, reducing inequalities, and promoting sustainable agriculture aim to combat global malnutrition.
Who is most at risk of food insecurity in Canada?
Low-income families, single-parent households, Indigenous communities, renters, and those reliant on social assistance.
What are the health consequences of food insecurity?
Poor mental and physical health, increased chronic diseases, impaired child development, and higher healthcare utilization.
How does food insecurity affect dietary choices?
Leads to increased consumption of ultra-processed foods and reduced nutrient-dense food intake.
What programs help prevent food insecurity in Canada?
Canada Child Benefit, National School Food Program, Nutrition North Canada, and provincial food security initiatives.
