Chapter 2B - Methods that Enhance Motor Learning and Skill Acquisition Flashcards
Explain Feedback in relationship to motor learning.
Explain intrinsic feedback and augmented feedback?
Feedback plays a critical role in the acquisition and refinement of new motor skills. Feedback is important when learning a new movement or skill. Give less feedback as people master a skill.
Intrinsic feedback - given by athlete’s body and sensory systems. When they kick a ball -sensory info from eyes, proprioceptors, mechanoreceptors, and joint receptors in the foot provide intrinsic feedback.
Augmented - Originates from an external source, such as a coach or observer, or technology.
The two types of augmented feed back is knowledge of performance and knowledge of results. Explain those two.
Knowledge of results (related to the outcomes) and knowledge of performance (related to the quality of movement) - The difference between these two forms of feedback is whether info provided to the athlete is about the completion of a movement task (the amount of time the task took) or the athlete’s performance of the movement (position of the athlete’s feet)
Explain how practice conditions impact motor learning and skill acquisition.
Think whole vs part practice. Which is best to learn a jumpshot vs a dance routine?
When learning a complex skill, two different strategies are whole vs part practice.
Whole practice - required with complex motor skills because the component movements are interrelated (such as archery or performing a jump shot). Works well for non-complex skills too.
Part practice - best used to teach athletes complex skills with subcomponents that are less interrelated, such as a gymnastics floor routine.
Explain attention and focus when related to motor learning.
Selective attention?
Attention refers to an athlete’s awareness of internal and environmental cues.
Selective attention - one’s ability to focus on relevant, task-oriented cues while ignoring other stimuli and thoughts irrelevant to performance.
Athletes who can block out non-important things will experience high performance levels.
Explain different learning styles . Auditory, Visual and kinesthetic?
Auditory - learn better by listening , explain clearly to these people
Visual - learn through seeing , demonstrate the exercise, print out pictures for them to review
Kinesthetic - learn through movement, involvement, and experience.
Explain instructional strategies! Explicit instruction, guided discovery and discovery.
Explicit instruction - everything instruction is very detailed, gets athlete through movement in a step by step way
Guided discovery - Give less info than explicit, provides a more holistic description of the overall movement.
Discovery - Provides no instruction, but rather presents the overall goal of a movement. Using this way, it gives the athlete the opportunity to explore different ways to achieve a goal.
Explain internal vs external cueing. Is one preferred.
Internal cueing - athlete focus on movements and feelings in their own limbs or body as exercise is being performed (push through your heels, when squatting)
External cueing - this focuses on how the movement (squatting) will impact the outcome of the exercise or the environment at large (push through the ground away from you)
Both types have their place, but external cues are more impactful at improving motor learning and movement performance.
Should more or less feedback be given over time as an athlete learns a skill.
Less frequent feedback given over time is ideal.
