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Biology > Chapter 2B > Flashcards

Chapter 2B Flashcards

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1
Q

What are inorganic substances

A

Substances that do not contain chain forming carbon

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2
Q

What is the key structural characteristic of water?

A

Water is Polar (Opposite ends are oppositely charged).

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3
Q

How water is Polar?

A

Unequal sharing of electrons

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4
Q

Water leads to the formation of what?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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5
Q

Water is an essential reactant for…

A

many biochemical processes.

EX: photosynthesis

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6
Q

Water acts as an essential…

A

Solvent

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7
Q

What is the Solubility principle?

A

Like dissolves Like

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8
Q

Water posseses a high…

A

Specific heat

(the amound of energy required to change one gram of substance one degree cellius.)

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9
Q

High specific heat means…

A

takes a lot of energy to heat.

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10
Q

Water posseses strong adhesive forces.

A

Sticks to other things

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11
Q

Water posses strong cohesive forces

A

Sticks to itself

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12
Q

Cohesive and advesive forces result in ______ and _________ .

A

Surface tension and Capillary action.

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13
Q

What are Minerals (and Salts)

A

inorganic nutrients the body needs

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14
Q

Cakium provides

A

strong teeth and bones

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15
Q

Potassium provides

A

nerve impulses

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16
Q

Iron (Fe) provides

A

O2 via the hemoglobin in red blood cells

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17
Q

Magnesium is required for

A

Chlorophyl and activating enzymes

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18
Q

Inorganic acids and bases must

A

be monitored for proper functioning of enzymes.

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19
Q

Carbon is capable of forming..

A

4 covalent bonds.

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20
Q

Carbon is capable of bonding with other Carbon atoms in complex structures called what….

A
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21
Q

Molecules composed of many monomers

A

Polymer

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22
Q

Compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

A
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23
Q

What is the key structural property of lipids

A

Lipids are non polar

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24
Q

What do lipids do?

A

Store large amounts of energy

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25
Q

What are the functional roles of lipids?

A
  • Steroid Hormones (cholesterol; testosterone).
  • H20 Proofing.
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26
Q

What are the structural roles of lipds? (x3)

A
  • Insulation
  • Cushion/shock absorption
  • Forms the cell membrane
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27
Q

What are three types of lipids?

A
  • Fats
  • Oils
  • Waxes
28
Q

Fats are

A
  • From animals
  • Saturated
  • Solid
29
Q

Oils are

A
  • From plants
  • Unsaturated
  • Liquids
30
Q

Waxes are

A

specialized structure for waterproofing.

31
Q

What is the structural composition of common lipids?

A
  • Glycerld
  • Fatty Acids
32
Q

What is Glycerl?

A

Structure foundation for lipids contatining 3 carbon atoms.

33
Q

What are fatty acids?

A

Organic acids that attach to glycerol

34
Q

What are the general types of fatty acids?

A
  • Saturated
  • Unsaturated
  • Transfat
35
Q

Saturated fats posses

A

single bonds between carbon atoms.

36
Q

Unsaturated possess at least

A

one double bond between carbon

37
Q

Transfat is changing

A

unsaturated fat to more saturated by breaking double bonds.

38
Q

3 fatty acids attached to glycerol are…

A

Triglycerides

39
Q

Two fatty acids but also a phosphate group that composes the cell membrane.

A

Phospholipds

40
Q

Basic types of nucleic acids

A
  • DNA
  • RNA
41
Q

DNA does what

A

genetic instructions

42
Q

RNA does what

A

transfers genetic instructions to cytoplasm

43
Q

Organic molecules that the body needs in very small amounts.

A

Vitamins

44
Q

Vitamins act as…

A

coenzymes

45
Q

Different types of vitamins (x2)

A
  • Water-soluable
  • Fat-soulable
46
Q

What are water-soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamins that can be dissolved in water but not stored by the body.

47
Q

What are fat-soluable vitamins?

A

Vitamins that can be dissolved in fat AND BE STORED by the body.

48
Q

What is the building unit/monomer for protiens?

A

Amino acids

49
Q

How many different kind of amino acids are there?

A

20+

50
Q

Oraganic acids possess what

A

Carboxyl

51
Q

Different Amino acids are distinguished by the…

A

the R Group.

52
Q

Different kinds of proteins are determined by

A

number and arrangement of amino acids.

53
Q

Polypeptide consists of how many amino acids.

A

10-50.

54
Q

Stucture of proteins

A

many polypeptides (amino acids) put together.

55
Q

What is the shape of proteins

A

they bend and fold into a set shape.

56
Q

The action of enzymes depends upton the atomic _____ and its fit with

A

The action of enzymes depends upton the atomic SITE and its fit with substances.

57
Q

What certain conditions do enzymes require to function right

A

Temperature and PH.

58
Q

Compounds containing C,H,O with a ratio of 2:1

A

Carbohydrates

59
Q

Carbohydrates are a source of

A

energy for cells

60
Q

Carbohydrates store

A

energy for plants and animals

61
Q

Carbohydrates build

A

material for plant tissue

62
Q

Sugar (one sugar)

Ex: glucose, fructose, dectrose.

A

Monosaccharides

63
Q

Two sugars (double sugars)

Ex: sucrose (Table sugar), lactose

A

Disaccharides

64
Q

Many simple sugars

Ex: Starch, glycogen

A

Polysaccharides

65
Q

Compounds containing C,H,O,N

A

Proteins

Biology (10 decks)

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