Chapter 2B Flashcards
What are inorganic substances
Substances that do not contain chain forming carbon
What is the key structural characteristic of water?
Water is Polar (Opposite ends are oppositely charged).
How water is Polar?
Unequal sharing of electrons
Water leads to the formation of what?
Hydrogen bonds
Water is an essential reactant for…
many biochemical processes.
EX: photosynthesis
Water acts as an essential…
Solvent
What is the Solubility principle?
Like dissolves Like
Water posseses a high…
Specific heat
(the amound of energy required to change one gram of substance one degree cellius.)
High specific heat means…
takes a lot of energy to heat.
Water posseses strong adhesive forces.
Sticks to other things
Water posses strong cohesive forces
Sticks to itself
Cohesive and advesive forces result in ______ and _________ .
Surface tension and Capillary action.
What are Minerals (and Salts)
inorganic nutrients the body needs
Cakium provides
strong teeth and bones
Potassium provides
nerve impulses
Iron (Fe) provides
O2 via the hemoglobin in red blood cells
Magnesium is required for
Chlorophyl and activating enzymes
Inorganic acids and bases must
be monitored for proper functioning of enzymes.
Carbon is capable of forming..
4 covalent bonds.
Carbon is capable of bonding with other Carbon atoms in complex structures called what….
Molecules composed of many monomers
Polymer
Compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What is the key structural property of lipids
Lipids are non polar
What do lipids do?
Store large amounts of energy
What are the functional roles of lipids?
- Steroid Hormones (cholesterol; testosterone).
- H20 Proofing.
What are the structural roles of lipds? (x3)
- Insulation
- Cushion/shock absorption
- Forms the cell membrane
What are three types of lipids?
- Fats
- Oils
- Waxes
Fats are
- From animals
- Saturated
- Solid
Oils are
- From plants
- Unsaturated
- Liquids
Waxes are
specialized structure for waterproofing.
What is the structural composition of common lipids?
- Glycerld
- Fatty Acids
What is Glycerl?
Structure foundation for lipids contatining 3 carbon atoms.
What are fatty acids?
Organic acids that attach to glycerol
What are the general types of fatty acids?
- Saturated
- Unsaturated
- Transfat
Saturated fats posses
single bonds between carbon atoms.
Unsaturated possess at least
one double bond between carbon
Transfat is changing
unsaturated fat to more saturated by breaking double bonds.
3 fatty acids attached to glycerol are…
Triglycerides
Two fatty acids but also a phosphate group that composes the cell membrane.
Phospholipds
Basic types of nucleic acids
- DNA
- RNA
DNA does what
genetic instructions
RNA does what
transfers genetic instructions to cytoplasm
Organic molecules that the body needs in very small amounts.
Vitamins
Vitamins act as…
coenzymes
Different types of vitamins (x2)
- Water-soluable
- Fat-soulable
What are water-soluble vitamins?
Vitamins that can be dissolved in water but not stored by the body.
What are fat-soluable vitamins?
Vitamins that can be dissolved in fat AND BE STORED by the body.
What is the building unit/monomer for protiens?
Amino acids
How many different kind of amino acids are there?
20+
Oraganic acids possess what
Carboxyl
Different Amino acids are distinguished by the…
the R Group.
Different kinds of proteins are determined by
number and arrangement of amino acids.
Polypeptide consists of how many amino acids.
10-50.
Stucture of proteins
many polypeptides (amino acids) put together.
What is the shape of proteins
they bend and fold into a set shape.
The action of enzymes depends upton the atomic _____ and its fit with
The action of enzymes depends upton the atomic SITE and its fit with substances.
What certain conditions do enzymes require to function right
Temperature and PH.
Compounds containing C,H,O with a ratio of 2:1
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are a source of
energy for cells
Carbohydrates store
energy for plants and animals
Carbohydrates build
material for plant tissue
Sugar (one sugar)
Ex: glucose, fructose, dectrose.
Monosaccharides
Two sugars (double sugars)
Ex: sucrose (Table sugar), lactose
Disaccharides
Many simple sugars
Ex: Starch, glycogen
Polysaccharides
Compounds containing C,H,O,N
Proteins
