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Biology > Cell Division > Flashcards

Cell Division Flashcards

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1
Q

Two types of reproduction

A
  • Sexual

- Asexual

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2
Q

Advantages of Asexual reproduction

A
  • Does not require genetics

- Fast rate of reproduction

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3
Q

Disadvantages of Asexual reproduction

A

-Lack of Genetic diversity

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4
Q

Advantages of Sexual reproduction

A

-Genetic Diversity

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5
Q

Disadvantages of Sexual reproduction

A
  • Gametes require time to develop

- May require opposite sex.

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6
Q

In order for cells to carry out life functions, they must have

A

a complete set of Genetic Instructions

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7
Q

What is the composition of Chromosomes?

A
  • Molecule of DNA, which is tightly wrapped

- Proteins

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8
Q

Chromosome Proteins

A
  • Histomes (Coil DNA and maintain chromosome shape).

- Non-Histomes (Control activity of specific region of DNA).

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9
Q

Chromatid

A

Half the chromosome that consists of a complete copy of the DNA; sister chromatin are exact copies.

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10
Q

DNA is copied before

A

cell division so that new cells receive a copy.

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11
Q

Sex chromosomes determine

A

the individual sex and carry other genetic instructions.

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12
Q

Autozomes are

A

all the other chromosomes.

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13
Q

Female Chromosome combination

A

XX

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14
Q

Male Chromosome combination

A

XY

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15
Q

22 Pairs leads to

A

44 Chromosomes

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16
Q

What are Homologous chromosomes?

A

pairs of chromosomes where member of each pair is received from each parent.

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17
Q

What are the similarities in the pairs of Homologous chromosomes?

A
  • Same size
  • Same traits
  • Position of centromere
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18
Q

What are Karyotypes?

A

Image of homologous arranged from largest to smallest.

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19
Q

Diploid Number/Cell

A

cells having both members of each homologous pairs.

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20
Q

Types of Diploid cells

A
  • Somatic Cells

- Body Cells

21
Q

How many diploid chromosomes to humans and fruit flies have?

A

Humans: 46 diploid chromosomes

Fruit Flies: 8 diploid chromosomes

22
Q

What is the haploid number?

A

Cells having 1 member of each pair or half the total.

23
Q

Types of haploid cells

A

-sex cells (gametes)

24
Q

How many haploid cells do humans and fruit flies have?

A

Humans: 23 haploid cells

Fruit Flies: 4

25
Q

What is cell division?

A

Process by which cells produce new cells; offspring.

26
Q

Example prokaryotic organism.

A

Bacteria

27
Q

Prokaryotic organisms undergo what type of reproduction

A

Asexual which includes binary fission

28
Q

Cell division in prokaryotes.

A

Binary fission.

29
Q

Eukaryotic organism have

A

a membrane bound nucleus and organelle.

30
Q

Example eukaryotic organisms.

A

Fungus, plants, animals, Protista

31
Q

What are the two types of cell division?

A
  • mitosis

- meiosis

32
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Nuclear decision resulting in new cells with identical genetic material as the original cell

33
Q

Mitosis occurs in what organisms

A

Multicellular organisms as part of cell division.

34
Q

What is the purpose of mitosis?

A

Growth, repairing damaged cells, replacing dead cells.

35
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Nuclear division creating sex cells.

36
Q

Meiosis also provides

A

Genetic variety.

37
Q

What is the cell cycle?

A

The repeating set of events that make up the life of a cell.

38
Q

What is interphase?

A

The time between cell divisions.

39
Q

Cytokinesis is what?

A

The division of the cytoplasm.

40
Q

Interphase represents

A

Most of the lifetime of a cell.

41
Q

What is the first stage of interphase?

A

-G1 phase: cells grow to mature size. Produces proteins and organelles.

42
Q

G stands for

A

Gap

43
Q

What is the second stage of interphase?

A

S phase. Synthesis of DNA (copying of DNA).

44
Q

What is the third stage of interphase

A

G2 phase: gap between DNA replication and mitosis and the cell prepares for mitosis.

45
Q

What is the fourth stage of interphase?

A

G0 Phase. Cells that have mature and carry out life functions.

  • Cells in G0 stage are NOT copying DNA and are not dividing (nerve cells, liver cells).
46
Q

What happens to genetic material in prophase

A

tightly coils from its chromatin form to its chromosome form.

47
Q

What happens to the nuclear envelope in prophase?

A

It breaks down

48
Q

What do centrioles do?

A

separate and spindle fibers form.

Biology (10 decks)

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