Chapter 29: Flashcards
development
series of progressive changes including formation and organization of cell types
pregnancy
- multiple anatomic and physiological changes
- postpartum effects too
heredity
genetic triats (DNA) transmitted from parent to newborn
gestation
pregnancy
chromosomes
condensed, organized sticks of DNA
genes
segments of DNA
menses signals day __ of cycle
1
2 weeks until
ovulation
______________ can occur within 1-2 day window
fertilization
prenatal period (pregnant) includes
2 weeks- preEmbryonic
6 weeks- embryonic
30 weeks- fetal
38 weeks total of pregnancy
natal refers to
birth
pre-embryonic period
- secondary oocyte + spermatozoan unite (fertilization)
- new complete cell formed (zygote)
- zygote becomes multicellular ball (blastocyst)
- which implants in the uterine endometrial lining
embryonic period
- rudimentary versions of major organs appear
- blastocyst transforms into an embryo
fetal period
embryo now called a fetus
mitosis =
cleavage (same thing)
zygote =
diploid
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
pregnancy hormone
- produced during implantation
- maintains corpus luteum
- hCG found in urine by end of 2nd week
- hCG levels decline after 3 months
hCG is released from the ___________ when it implants in the uterus
blastocyst
___________ produces estrogen and progesterone to maintain uterus
placenta
placenta (afterbirth)
- highly vascular structure
- site of exchange between maternal and fetal blood
- produces estrogen and progesterone
- expelled from uterus after the baby is born
first trimester
- first 3 months of pregnancy
- zygote becoming an embryo and then the early fetus
second trimester
- months 4 to 6
third trimester
estrogen and progesterone
high hormone levels suppress FSH and LH secretion
relaxin
- secreted by corpus luteum and placenta
- promotes blood vessel growth in uterus
melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
- secreted by placenta
- darkening of areola and nipples
- darkens linea alba, now linea nigra
labor
physical expulsion of fetus and placenta from uterus
premature labor
labor prior to 38 weeks
false labor
braxton-hicks contractions
labor is a
positive feedback mechanism
colostrum
- produced by mammary glands
- watery, milk-like substance
- lower concentration of fat than true breast milk
- rich in IgA
inhibition of ovulation
- often occurs with regular breastfeeding
- GnRH inhibited (hypothalamus)
