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Anatomy and Physiology 211 > Chapter 28: Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 28: Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

gametogenesis

A

forming sex cells

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2
Q

sex cells =

A

gametes

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3
Q

female gametes

A

secondary oocyte

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4
Q

male gametes

A

spermatozoan

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5
Q

mitosis

A
  • somatic cell division
  • diploid daughter cells
  • no crossing over
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6
Q

mitosis produces

A

Two daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell

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7
Q

meiosis

A
  • sex cell division
  • haploid daughter cells
  • includes crossing over
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8
Q

meiosis produces

A

Four daughter cells are genetically different from the parent cell

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9
Q

oogenesis

A

maturation of a primary oocyte to secondary oocyte
- occurs in stages over the life of a female childhood

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10
Q

ovaries inactive with no

A

follicles developing

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11
Q

atresia

A

regression of primordial follicles (from original 1.5 million)

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12
Q

by puberty, only ____________ follicles remain in ovaries

A

400,000

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13
Q

mature eggs are called

A

secondary oocyte

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14
Q

release of a secondary oocyte from the ovary is called

A

ovulation

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15
Q

meiosis not completed until

A

fertilization

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16
Q

fusion of male gamete and female gamete produces a cell with the correct number of chromosomes

A

diploid; 46

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17
Q

menopause

A
  • women cease reproductive cycle for 1 year
  • usually around ages 45 to 55
  • follicle maturation stops
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18
Q

perimenopause

A

the preliminary time of irregular cycles leading to menopause

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19
Q

during menopause ____________ and ___________ no longer secreted

A

progesterone and estrogen

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20
Q

average days of the reproductive cycle of females

A

28 days

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21
Q

menstrual flow

22
Q

day 1 =

A

menstrual flow

23
Q

the phase of rebuilding the endometrium

A

proliferative phase

24
Q

three phases of female reproduction

A

1- follicular
2- ovulation
3- luteal

25
Q

follicular phase/menstrual phase

26
Q

the corpus luteum produces

A

progesterone

27
Q

the mature follicle (cells of follicle) produces

28
Q

as the follicle matures, more

A

cells are made

29
Q

ovulation

A

release of a mature egg from a follicle and ovary

30
Q

an ovulated mature follicle

A

corpus luteum

31
Q

FSH is highest prior to

32
Q

follicles grow because of

33
Q

the corpus luteum is formed because of the hormone

34
Q

ovulation occurs around which day of the cycle

35
Q

luteal phase

A

progesterone release and significant growth in the uterus

36
Q

what hormones are you lacking during menstruation

A

estrogen and progesterone

37
Q

lactation

A

release of breast milk (proteins, fats, lactose)
- start to produce lactation after giving birth

38
Q

lactation occurs in response to __________ and __________ stimuli

A

internal (hormones), external (exteroceptors- touch, sound, smell)

39
Q

prolactin

A

produced from the anterior pituitary and responsible for milk production

40
Q

oxytocin

A

produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary
- causes milk ejection

41
Q

LH stimulates interstitial cells of Leydig to secrete

A

testosterone

42
Q

FSH keeps

A

testosterone levels high in the testes

43
Q

FSH will also target

A

sustentacular cells

44
Q

spermatogenesis

A

process of sperm development in seminiferous tubules
- begins during puberty (FSH and LH)

45
Q

female gametogenesis

A
  • single viable secondary oocyte produced in females
  • female oocytes arrested in meiosis prior to birth
  • only able to reproduce till menopause
46
Q

male gametogenesis

A
  • 4 sperm produced in males in a singluar spermatocyte
  • male spermatogonia start spermatogenesis at puberty
  • male spermatocytes produced throughout male’s adult life
47
Q

semen

A

ejaculate during intercourse
- 200 to 500 million spermatazoa

48
Q

transit time from seminiferous tubules to ejaculate is about

49
Q

male climacteric (Andropause)

A
  • men with decreased testosterone levels in 50s
  • prostate enlargement
  • erectile dysfunction and impotence
50
Q

BPH

A

benign prostatic hypertrophy

51
Q

benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

A

prostate enlargement

Anatomy and Physiology 211 (10 decks)

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