Chapter 28: Female Reproductive System

Question 1

What are the primary sex organs of the female

Answer 1

ovaries

Question 2

List the accessory sex organs of the female

Answer 2

1. Uterine tubes
2. uterus
3. vagina
4. clitoris
5. mammary glands

Question 3

List the basic structure of the Ovary (Superficial to Deep)

Answer 3

• Germinal epithelium
  
  • Tunica albuginea
    
    • Cortex
      
      • Medulla

Question 4

Within the cortex of the ovary are thousands of:

Answer 4

ovarian follicles

Question 5

Ovarian follicles consist of an _____ surrounded by _______ _____

Answer 5

oocyte; follicle cells

Question 6

List the stages of development of ovarian follicles

Answer 6

1. Primordial follicle
2. Primary follicle
3. Secondary follicle
4. Vesicular follicle
5. Corpus luteum
6. Corpus albicans

Question 7

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

Most primitive type, consisting of a primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of squamous cells

Answer 7

Primordial follicle

Question 8

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

Arrested at 1^st meiotic prophase (diploid: N= 46)

Answer 8

Primordial follicle

Question 9

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

1.5 M at birth, 400k at puberty

Answer 9

Primordial follicle

Question 10

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

Consisting of a primary oocyte surrounded by one or more layers of cuboidal cells that are now called “granulosa cells”

Answer 10

Primary follicle

Question 11

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

Ca. 20 form each month

Answer 11

Primary follicle

Question 12

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

Contains a primary oocyte, many layers of granulosa cells, and a fluid-filled space called antrum

Answer 12

Secondary follicle

Question 13

What is the function of antrum in the secondary follicle

Answer 13

contains serous fluid that increases in volume as ovulation nears

Question 14

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

contains a primary oocyte that is surrounded by two protective structures called zona pellucida and corona radiata

Answer 14

Secondary Folicle

Question 15

What are the names of the two protective structures that surround the primary oocyte of the secondary follicle?

Answer 15

zona pellucida

corona radiata

Question 16

Each month a few _______ follicles become ______ follicles, and the others _______.

Answer 16

primary; secondary; degenerate

Question 17

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

Also called mature follicle

Answer 17

Vesicular follicle

Question 18

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

Contains a secondary oocyte surrounded by the zona pellucida and the corona radiata, an enlarged antrum, and many layers of follicle cells

Answer 18

Vesicular follicle

Question 19

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

oocyte has completed 1^st meiotic division, is in 2^nd meiotic division. (haploid, N = 23)

Answer 19

Vesicular follicle

Question 20

Each month ____ secondary follicles become _______ follicles

Answer 20

1 or 2; vesicular

Question 21

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

eventually ruptures & releases its secondary oocyte (ovulation) which will complete meiosis if fertilized

Answer 21

Vesicular follicle

Question 22

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

Following the rupture of the vesicular follicle and the expulsion of the oocyte (ovulation), the remnants of the follicle (minus the oocyte) become this stage

Answer 22

Corpus luteum

Question 23

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

secretes progesterone and estrogen, which stimulate growth of the uterine endometrium

Answer 23

Corpus luteum

Question 24

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

When the corpus luteum regresses, it turns into a white connective tissue scar

Answer 24

Corpus albicans

Question 25

**Name the ovarian follicle stage:** Yellowish, collapsed folds of granulosa cells

Answer 25

Corpus luteum

Question 26

**Name the ovarian follicle stage:** Whitish connective tissue scar, remnant of a degenerated corpus luteum

Answer 26

corpus albicans

Question 27

These extend laterally from both sides of the uterus

Answer 27

uterine tubes

Question 28

What is usually fertilized in the lateral part of the uterine tube?

Answer 28

the secondary oocyte

Question 29

How long does it take for pre-embryo to travel from the uterine tube to the lumen of the uterus

Answer 29

approximately 3 days

Question 30

usually, how long are uterine tubes

Answer 30

10-12 cm

Question 31

uterine tubes are covered by part of the _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 31

broad ligament

Question 32

List the continuous regions of the uterine tubes

Answer 32

* Infundibulum * Ampulla * Isthmus * Uterine part

Question 33

**Name the uterine tube region:** lateral opening of the tube encircled by fingerlike projections called fimbriae

Answer 33

Infundibulum

Question 34

**Name the uterine tube region:** Expanded region medial to the infundibulum where fertilization typically occurs

Answer 34

Ampulla

Question 35

**Name the uterine tube region:** Just medial to the ampulla and represents about 1/3 of entire length of uterine tube.

Answer 35

Isthmus

Question 36

**Name the uterine tube region:** interstitial segment; continuous with the uterus

Answer 36

Uterine part

Question 37

Name the layers of the uterine tubes

Answer 37

1. Mucosa 2. Muscularis 3. Serosa

Question 38

**Name this uterine tube layer:** ciliated columnar epithelial cells

Answer 38

Mucosa

Question 39

**Name this uterine tube layer:** inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle

Answer 39

muscularis

Question 40

**Name this uterine tube layer:** External serous membrane covering uterine tube

Answer 40

Serosa

Question 41

A pear-shaped, thick-walled muscular organ within the pelvic cavity

Answer 41

uterus

Question 42

The uterus is angled anterosuperiorly across the superior surface of the urinary bladder, a position referred to as \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 42

anteverted

Question 43

What are the functions of the uterus

Answer 43

* Site of implantation * Supports and protects the developing embryo/fetus * Ejects the fetus during labor OR contracts & sheds its inner lining as menses

Question 44

Name the four regions of the uterus

Answer 44

1. Fundus 2. Body 3. Isthmus 4. Cervix

Question 45

what is the cervix comprised of

Answer 45

* internal os * cervical canal * external os

Question 46

Name the layers of the uterus

Answer 46

1. Endometrium 2. Myometrium 3. Perimetrium

Question 47

**Name this uterine wall:** mucosa composed of simple columnar epithelium and an underlying lamina propria filled with uterine glands, which enlarge during the uterine cycle

Answer 47

Endometrium

Question 48

**Name this uterine wall:** thick, middle tunic comprised of smooth muscle

Answer 48

myometrium

Question 49

**Name this uterine wall:** Outermost layer is a serosal layer of connective tissue

Answer 49

Perimetrium

Question 50

What are the two layers of the endometrium

Answer 50

Functional layer and basal layer

Question 51

What does the *_functional layer_* of the endometrium do

Answer 51

changes thickness during the uterine cycle and is shed as menses

Question 52

What does the *_basal layer_* of the endometrium do

Answer 52

deep layer that doesn't change much during cycle

Question 53

What is the fibromuscular tube about 10 cm in length that connects the uterus to the outside of the body

Answer 53

vagina

Question 54

Name the tunics f the vagina

Answer 54

Mucosa, muscularis, adventitia

Question 55

The female external genitalia are collectively called:

Answer 55

vuvla

Question 56

What is the vestibule

Answer 56

space between the labia minora

Question 57

What are the three stages of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 57

* Menstrual phase * Proliferative phase * Secretory phase