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ANATOMY LECTURE > Chapter 28: Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 28: Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary sex organs of the female

A

ovaries

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2
Q

List the accessory sex organs of the female

A
  1. Uterine tubes
  2. uterus
  3. vagina
  4. clitoris
  5. mammary glands
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3
Q

List the basic structure of the Ovary (Superficial to Deep)

A
  • Germinal epithelium
    • Tunica albuginea
      • Cortex
        • Medulla
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4
Q

Within the cortex of the ovary are thousands of:

A

ovarian follicles

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5
Q

Ovarian follicles consist of an _____ surrounded by _______ _____

A

oocyte; follicle cells

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6
Q

List the stages of development of ovarian follicles

A
  1. Primordial follicle
  2. Primary follicle
  3. Secondary follicle
  4. Vesicular follicle
  5. Corpus luteum
  6. Corpus albicans
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7
Q

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

Most primitive type, consisting of a primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of squamous cells

A

Primordial follicle

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8
Q

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

Arrested at 1st meiotic prophase (diploid: N= 46)

A

Primordial follicle

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9
Q

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

1.5 M at birth, 400k at puberty

A

Primordial follicle

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10
Q

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

Consisting of a primary oocyte surrounded by one or more layers of cuboidal cells that are now called “granulosa cells”

A

Primary follicle

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11
Q

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

Ca. 20 form each month

A

Primary follicle

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12
Q

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

Contains a primary oocyte, many layers of granulosa cells, and a fluid-filled space called antrum

A

Secondary follicle

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13
Q

What is the function of antrum in the secondary follicle

A

contains serous fluid that increases in volume as ovulation nears

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14
Q

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

contains a primary oocyte that is surrounded by two protective structures called zona pellucida and corona radiata

A

Secondary Folicle

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15
Q

What are the names of the two protective structures that surround the primary oocyte of the secondary follicle?

A

zona pellucida

corona radiata

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16
Q

Each month a few _______ follicles become ______ follicles, and the others _______.

A

primary; secondary; degenerate

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17
Q

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

Also called mature follicle

A

Vesicular follicle

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18
Q

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

Contains a secondary oocyte surrounded by the zona pellucida and the corona radiata, an enlarged antrum, and many layers of follicle cells

A

Vesicular follicle

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19
Q

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

oocyte has completed 1st meiotic division, is in 2nd meiotic division. (haploid, N = 23)

A

Vesicular follicle

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20
Q

Each month ____ secondary follicles become _______ follicles

A

1 or 2; vesicular

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21
Q

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

eventually ruptures & releases its secondary oocyte (ovulation) which will complete meiosis if fertilized

A

Vesicular follicle

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22
Q

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

Following the rupture of the vesicular follicle and the expulsion of the oocyte (ovulation), the remnants of the follicle (minus the oocyte) become this stage

A

Corpus luteum

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23
Q

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

secretes progesterone and estrogen, which stimulate growth of the uterine endometrium

A

Corpus luteum

24
Q

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

When the corpus luteum regresses, it turns into a white connective tissue scar

A

Corpus albicans

25
Q

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

Yellowish, collapsed folds of granulosa cells

A

Corpus luteum

26
Q

Name the ovarian follicle stage:

Whitish connective tissue scar, remnant of a degenerated corpus luteum

A

corpus albicans

27
Q

These extend laterally from both sides of the uterus

A

uterine tubes

28
Q

What is usually fertilized in the lateral part of the uterine tube?

A

the secondary oocyte

29
Q

How long does it take for pre-embryo to travel from the uterine tube to the lumen of the uterus

A

approximately 3 days

30
Q

usually, how long are uterine tubes

A

10-12 cm

31
Q

uterine tubes are covered by part of the _____ _______.

A

broad ligament

32
Q

List the continuous regions of the uterine tubes

A
  • Infundibulum
  • Ampulla
  • Isthmus
  • Uterine part
33
Q

Name the uterine tube region:

lateral opening of the tube encircled by fingerlike projections called fimbriae

A

Infundibulum

34
Q

Name the uterine tube region:

Expanded region medial to the infundibulum where fertilization typically occurs

A

Ampulla

35
Q

Name the uterine tube region:

Just medial to the ampulla and represents about 1/3 of entire length of uterine tube.

A

Isthmus

36
Q

Name the uterine tube region:

interstitial segment; continuous with the uterus

A

Uterine part

37
Q

Name the layers of the uterine tubes

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Muscularis
  3. Serosa
38
Q

Name this uterine tube layer:

ciliated columnar epithelial cells

A

Mucosa

39
Q

Name this uterine tube layer:

inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle

A

muscularis

40
Q

Name this uterine tube layer:

External serous membrane covering uterine tube

A

Serosa

41
Q

A pear-shaped, thick-walled muscular organ within the pelvic cavity

A

uterus

42
Q

The uterus is angled anterosuperiorly across the superior surface of the urinary bladder, a position referred to as _____

A

anteverted

43
Q

What are the functions of the uterus

A
  • Site of implantation
  • Supports and protects the developing embryo/fetus
  • Ejects the fetus during labor OR contracts & sheds its inner lining as menses
44
Q

Name the four regions of the uterus

A
  1. Fundus
  2. Body
  3. Isthmus
  4. Cervix
45
Q

what is the cervix comprised of

A
  • internal os
  • cervical canal
  • external os
46
Q

Name the layers of the uterus

A
  1. Endometrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Perimetrium
47
Q

Name this uterine wall:

mucosa composed of simple columnar epithelium and an underlying lamina propria filled with uterine glands, which enlarge during the uterine cycle

A

Endometrium

48
Q

Name this uterine wall:

thick, middle tunic comprised of smooth muscle

A

myometrium

49
Q

Name this uterine wall:

Outermost layer is a serosal layer of connective tissue

A

Perimetrium

50
Q

What are the two layers of the endometrium

A

Functional layer and basal layer

51
Q

What does the functional layer of the endometrium do

A

changes thickness during the uterine cycle and is shed as menses

52
Q

What does the basal layer of the endometrium do

A

deep layer that doesn’t change much during cycle

53
Q

What is the fibromuscular tube about 10 cm in length that connects the uterus to the outside of the body

A

vagina

54
Q

Name the tunics f the vagina

A

Mucosa, muscularis, adventitia

55
Q

The female external genitalia are collectively called:

A

vuvla

56
Q

What is the vestibule

A

space between the labia minora

57
Q

What are the three stages of the menstrual cycle?

A
  • Menstrual phase
  • Proliferative phase
  • Secretory phase

ANATOMY LECTURE (9 decks)

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