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ANATOMY LECTURE > Chapter 23: Vessels and Circulation > Flashcards

Chapter 23: Vessels and Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Three classes of blood vessels

A
  1. Arteries
  2. Capillaries
  3. Veins
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2
Q

Carries blood away from the heart and become progressively smaller as they branch and finally result in capillaries

A

Arteries

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3
Q

Return blood to the heart and become progressively larger as they merge and are closer to the heart

A

Veins

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4
Q

Connect arteries & veins and are thr site if all exchange

A

Capillaries

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5
Q

Three layers of arteries and veins (From outer to inner)

A
  1. Tunica externa
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica intima
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6
Q

Blood vessel tunics:
Composed of circularly arranged smooth muscle

A

Tunica media

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7
Q

Blood vessel tunics:

Connective tissue that helps anchor the blood vessel to an organ

A

tunica externa

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8
Q

_____ _______ run through the tunica externa, which are smaller arteries that supply the larger arteries.

A

vasa vasorum

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9
Q

Blood vessel tunics:

composed of an endothelium and a subendothelial layer of areolar CT

A

tunica intima

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10
Q

Compared with veins, arteries have (wider/narrower) lumen

A

Narrower

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11
Q

Compared with veins, arteries have (thicker/thinner) walls

A

thicker

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12
Q

What is the thickest tunic in arteries?

A

tunica media

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13
Q

What is the thickest tunic in veins?

A

tunica externa

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14
Q

Compared with veins, arteries have (more/less) elastic and collagen fibers in walls

A

more

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15
Q

______ have no valves, as seen in most _____

A

arteries; veins

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16
Q

Types of arteries

A
  1. Elastic
  2. Muscular
  3. Arteriole
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17
Q

Name the type of artery with the following characteristics:

  • Largest of the arteries (aorta, pulmonary, brachiocephalic, common carotids, subclavian)
A

Elastic arteries

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18
Q

Name the type of artery with the following characteristics:

Medium diameter arteries

A

Muscular arteries

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19
Q

Name the type of artery with the following characteristic:

  • Smallest arteries
A

Arterioles

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20
Q

Name the type of artery with the following characteristic:

Have less than six layers of smooth muscle in their tunica media

A

Arterioles

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21
Q

Name the type or artery with the folowing characteristics:

Most examples are near the heart

A

Elastic artery

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22
Q

Name the type or artery with the following characteristics:

present in all three tunics and allows these arteries to stretch under the increased pressure generated by blood flow from the heart

A

Elastic arteries

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23
Q

Name the type or artery with the folowing characteristics:

These arteries branch into muscular arteries

A

Elastic arteries

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24
Q

Name the type of artery with the following characteristic:

Possess internal and external elastic lamina

A

Muscular arteries

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25
Q

Name the type of artery with the following characteristic:

Thicker tunica media

A

Muscular arteries

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26
Q

Name the type of artery with the following characteristic:

Vasoconstriction occurs resulting in elevation of blood pressure

A

Arterioles

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27
Q

Name the type of artery with the following characteristic:

Vasodilation occurs resulting in the lowering of blood pressure

A

arterioles

28
Q

Which blood vessel has the following characteristic:

Smallest of blood vessels

A

Capillaries

29
Q

Which blood vessel has the following characteristic:

Diameter only slightly larger than an erythrocyte

A

Capillaries

30
Q

Which blood vessel has the following characteristic:

Wall consists soley of the tunica intima

A

Capillaries

31
Q

Which blood vessel has the following characteristic:

Only type of blood vessel where exchange can occur between blood and cells outside of the bloodstream

A

Capillaries

32
Q

Capillaries form ______ beds

33
Q

Capillary beds are fed by a __________ whose (proximal/distal) end is surrounded by smooth muscles while the (proximal/distal) end, called the _________ ___________, lacks smooth muscles

A

metarteriole; proximal; distal; thoroughfare channell

34
Q

In capllary beds, the thoroughfare channell connects to a ________ _______

A

postcapillary venule

35
Q

In capillary beds, branches from the metarteriole that begin with a ring of smooth muscle on their walls are called ______ _______.

A

true capillaries

36
Q

In capillary beds, the ring of smooth muscle called the ____________ ___________, controls blood flow into the capillary.

A

Pre-capillary sphincter

37
Q

Name the three types of capillaries

A
  1. Continous
  2. Fenestrated
  3. Sinusoid
38
Q

Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:

most common type of capillary

A

continuous capillaries

39
Q

Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:

endothelial cells form a continous and complete lining with no holes aided by the presence of tight junctions

A

continuous capillaries

40
Q

Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:

examples: muscles & CNS

A

continuous capillaries

41
Q

Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:

endothelial cells possess small “holes” to allow fluid exchange between blood and interstitial fluid

A

fenestrated capillaries

42
Q

Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:

Example: small intestine

A

Fenestrated capillaries

43
Q

Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:

Example: most endocrine glands

A

Fenestrated capillaries

44
Q

Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:

Example: kidney

A

Fenestrated capillaries

45
Q

Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:

have big gaps between endothelial cells that promotes transport of large molecules and cells to an from the blood.

A

Sinusoid capillaries

46
Q

Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:

​Example: bone marrow

A

Sinusoid capillaries

47
Q

Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:

Example: anterior pituitary

A

Sinusoid capillaries

48
Q

Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:

Example: Spleen

A

Sinusoid capillaries

49
Q

Which type of capillary has the following characteristic:

Example: Liver

A

Sinusoid capillaries

50
Q

Pressure in (arteries/veins) is much lower than in (arteries/veins)

A

veins; arteries

51
Q

At rest, the body’s veins hold about 60% of the body’s blood. Thus, veins function as ________ __________.

A

vein reservoirs

52
Q

What are venules?

A

the smallest veins

53
Q

Venules are companion vessels with _______

A

arterioles

54
Q

the smallest venules ae located at the (proximal/distal) end of a capillary bed and are called ___________ _________.

A

distal; postcapillary venules

55
Q

Define diapedesis

A

the migration of leukocytes from the bloodstream to the body

56
Q

This phenomenon occurs through the walls of the postcapillary venules

A

diapedesis

57
Q

________ merge to form veins

58
Q

_______ are larger than venules

59
Q

Smaller and medium sized veins travel with (elastic/muscular/arterioles) arteries.

60
Q

Large veins travel with (elastic/muscular/arterioles)​ arteries

61
Q

Why are valves present in veins?

A

because blood pressure in veins is too low to overcome the forces of gravity

62
Q

In veins, valves are formed from the tunica (externa/media/intima) and prevent blood from pooling in the limbs

63
Q

Describe a skeletal muscle pump

A

Blood pumps toward the heart as skeletal muscles contract.

64
Q

Contractions of the heart produce oscillations in blood pressure that are felt as the ______

65
Q

Maximum pressure occurs during contraction of the heart and is called ______

66
Q

Minimum pressure occurs while heart is filling and is called _______

67
Q

What are the typical values of systolic/diastolic

A

120/80 mm Hg

ANATOMY LECTURE (9 decks)

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