Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANATOMY LECTURE > Chapter 21: Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 21: Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Function of Blood?

  • Transportation of….
  • Regulation of…..
  • Protection by…..
A
  • Transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products.
  • Regulation of body temperature , pH, and fluid volume
  • Protection by mounting an immune response and the production of antibodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Composition of Blood ( 3 fractions)

A
  1. Erythrocytes
  2. Buffy Coat
  3. Plasma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

% Total Blood Volume of:

1) Erythrocytes
2) Buffy Coat
3) Plasma

A

1) 44%
2) 1%
3) 55%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the weight % composition of Plasma

A
  • 92% = water
  • 1% = electrolytes
  • 7% = Plasma Proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Four different classes of plasma proteins:

A
  1. Albumins
  2. Globulins
  3. Fibrinogen
  4. Regulatory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of Albumins

A

regulates water movement, transports hormones & lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 Types and Function of Globulins

A
  1. Alpha & Beta: transport water-insoluble molecules
  2. Gamma globulin (immunoglobulins) are antibodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of Fibrinogen

A

converts into fibrin to make clots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Regulatory plasma proteins consist of

A

Proenzymes & hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define hematocrit

A

the volume % of all formed elements in one’s blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the formed elements in one’s blood:

A

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This formed element is often referred to as red blood cells or RBC’s

A

Erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lifespan of erythrocytes

A

120 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

lifespan of platelets

A

8-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lifespan of leukocytes

A

12 hours to years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Relatively small formed element (7.5 µm in diameter)

A

Erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This formed element has a unique bioconcave shape

A

Erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Formed element that line up in single file as they pass through small blood vessels. Termed rouleau.

A

Erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This formed element contains hemoglobin

A

Erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

___________ is capable of reversibly transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

A

Hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hemoglobin consists of four globin protein molecules:

A
  • 2 alpha chains
  • 2 beta chains
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Each of the four globins possesses a nonprotein ________ group containing an ______ molecule

A

heme; iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Each hemolglobin molecule can bind a combination of _____ oxygen/carbon dioxide molecules

A

Four

24
Q

Erythrocytes have ______ _______ projecting from plasma membrane.

A

surface antigens

25
Q

The two types of surface antigens

A

Type A & B

26
Q

Four blood types:

A
  1. Type A
  2. Type B
  3. Type AB
  4. Type O
27
Q

Antigen A on erythrocytes PLUS Anti-B antibodies in plasma.

Blood Type?

A

Type A

28
Q

Antigen B on erythrocytes PLUS Anti-A antibodies in plasma

Blood Type?

A

Type B

29
Q

Both antigen A and antigen B but no antibodies in plasma

Blood Type?

A

Type AB

30
Q

neither antigen A or B but BOTH Anti-A & Anti-B antibodies

Blood Type?

A

Type O

31
Q

What is hemolysis

A

when antibodies in a blood recipent undergo an agglutination reaction with opposite antigen causing transfused erythrocytes to clump together, block blood vessels and rupture.

32
Q

Universal Blood Donor

A

Type O, can safely donate to anyone

33
Q

Universal Recipient

A

Type AB; Can safely receive blood from anyone

34
Q

Formed element that possess a nucleus and organelles

A

Leukocytes

35
Q

Formed element that helps initiate an immune response and defend the body against pathogens

A

Leukocytes

36
Q

Formed element that is 1.5 to 3 times larger than erythrocytes

A

Leukocytes

37
Q

Formed element capable of leaving the blood vessels, diapedesis, and entering a tissue

A

Leukocytes

38
Q

Formed element that are attracted to a site of infection by molecules from damaged cells or invading pathogens, referred to as chemotaxis

A

Leukocytes

39
Q

When is chemotaxis

A

when leukocytes are attracted to a site of infection by molecules from damaged cells or invading pathogens.

40
Q

Two classifications of Leukocytes

A
  1. Granulocytes
  2. Agranulocytes
41
Q

Three types of Granulocytes

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Eosinophils
  3. Basophils
42
Q

Two types of Agranulocytes

A
  1. Lymphocytes
  2. Monocytes
43
Q

The Five types of Leukocytes

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Eosinophils
  3. Basophils
  4. Lymphocytes
  5. Monocytes
44
Q

What type of leukocyte posses these characteristics:

  • ca. 60% of leukocytes
  • Multilobed nucleus w. pale granules
  • Phagocytize bacteria
A

Neutrophils

45
Q

What type of leukocyte posses these characteristics:

  • ca. 3% of leukocytes
  • Bilobed nucleus w. red granules
  • Phagocytize allergens
A

Eosinophils

46
Q

What type of leukocyte posses these characteristics:

  • ca. 1% of leukocytes
  • Bilobed nucleus w. deep bue-violet granules
  • Release histamine during inflammation
A

Basophils

47
Q

What type of leukocyte posses these characteristics:

  • ca. 30% of leukocytes
  • Round of slightly dented nucleus
  • May nearly fill the cel
  • Produce antibodies
  • Attack antigens
A

Lymphocytes

48
Q

What type of leukocyte posses these characteristics:

  • ca. 6% of leukocytes
  • Kidney-shaped nucleus
  • Abundant cytoplasm
  • Exits blood vessels & becomes macrophage- phagocytizes pathogens cellular debris, dead cells.
A

Monocytes

49
Q

List Leukocytes in order of descending abundance

A
  • Neutrophils (60%)
  • Lymphocytes (30%)
  • Monocytes (6%)
  • Eosinophils (3%)
  • Basophils (1%)

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

50
Q

Formed element that are formed from megakaryocytes

A

Platelets

51
Q

What are megakaryocytes

A

Irregular membrane-enclosed cellular fragments that represent shed cytoplasm from cells. Precursor to platelets

52
Q

Megakaryocytes are about ___x larger than erthrocytes

A

15

53
Q

Formed element that are about 1/4 the size of erythrocytes

A

Platelets

54
Q

Formed element that is invloved in the clotting of blood

A

Platelets

55
Q

Three components of blood clots

A
  1. Fibrin
  2. Platelets
  3. Erythrocytes

ANATOMY LECTURE (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions