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ANATOMY LECTURE > Chapter 21: Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 21: Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Function of Blood?

  • Transportation of….
  • Regulation of…..
  • Protection by…..
A
  • Transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products.
  • Regulation of body temperature , pH, and fluid volume
  • Protection by mounting an immune response and the production of antibodies
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2
Q

Composition of Blood ( 3 fractions)

A
  1. Erythrocytes
  2. Buffy Coat
  3. Plasma
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3
Q

% Total Blood Volume of:

1) Erythrocytes
2) Buffy Coat
3) Plasma

A

1) 44%
2) 1%
3) 55%

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4
Q

What is the weight % composition of Plasma

A
  • 92% = water
  • 1% = electrolytes
  • 7% = Plasma Proteins
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5
Q

Four different classes of plasma proteins:

A
  1. Albumins
  2. Globulins
  3. Fibrinogen
  4. Regulatory
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6
Q

Function of Albumins

A

regulates water movement, transports hormones & lipids

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7
Q

3 Types and Function of Globulins

A
  1. Alpha & Beta: transport water-insoluble molecules
  2. Gamma globulin (immunoglobulins) are antibodies
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8
Q

Function of Fibrinogen

A

converts into fibrin to make clots

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9
Q

Regulatory plasma proteins consist of

A

Proenzymes & hormones

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10
Q

Define hematocrit

A

the volume % of all formed elements in one’s blood

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11
Q

What are the formed elements in one’s blood:

A

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Platelets

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12
Q

This formed element is often referred to as red blood cells or RBC’s

A

Erythrocytes

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13
Q

Lifespan of erythrocytes

A

120 days

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14
Q

lifespan of platelets

A

8-10 days

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15
Q

lifespan of leukocytes

A

12 hours to years

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16
Q

Relatively small formed element (7.5 µm in diameter)

A

Erythrocytes

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17
Q

This formed element has a unique bioconcave shape

A

Erythrocytes

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18
Q

Formed element that line up in single file as they pass through small blood vessels. Termed rouleau.

A

Erythrocytes

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19
Q

This formed element contains hemoglobin

A

Erythrocytes

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20
Q

___________ is capable of reversibly transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

A

Hemoglobin

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21
Q

Hemoglobin consists of four globin protein molecules:

A
  • 2 alpha chains
  • 2 beta chains
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22
Q

Each of the four globins possesses a nonprotein ________ group containing an ______ molecule

A

heme; iron

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23
Q

Each hemolglobin molecule can bind a combination of _____ oxygen/carbon dioxide molecules

24
Q

Erythrocytes have ______ _______ projecting from plasma membrane.

A

surface antigens

25
The two types of surface antigens
Type A & B
26
Four blood types:
1. Type A 2. Type B 3. Type AB 4. Type O
27
Antigen A on erythrocytes PLUS Anti-B antibodies in plasma. ## Footnote **Blood Type?**
Type A
28
Antigen B on erythrocytes PLUS Anti-A antibodies in plasma **Blood Type?**
Type B
29
Both antigen A and antigen B but no antibodies in plasma **Blood Type?**
Type AB
30
neither antigen A or B but BOTH Anti-A & Anti-B antibodies ## Footnote **Blood Type?**
Type O
31
What is hemolysis
when antibodies in a blood recipent undergo an agglutination reaction with opposite antigen causing transfused erythrocytes to clump together, block blood vessels and rupture.
32
Universal Blood Donor
Type O, can safely donate to anyone
33
Universal Recipient
Type AB; Can safely receive blood from anyone
34
Formed element that possess a nucleus and organelles
Leukocytes
35
Formed element that helps initiate an immune response and defend the body against pathogens
Leukocytes
36
Formed element that is 1.5 to 3 times larger than erythrocytes
Leukocytes
37
Formed element capable of leaving the blood vessels, diapedesis, and entering a tissue
Leukocytes
38
Formed element that are attracted to a site of infection by molecules from damaged cells or invading pathogens, referred to as **chemotaxis**
Leukocytes
39
When is chemotaxis
when leukocytes are attracted to a site of infection by molecules from damaged cells or invading pathogens.
40
Two classifications of Leukocytes
1. Granulocytes 2. Agranulocytes
41
Three types of Granulocytes
1. Neutrophils 2. Eosinophils 3. Basophils
42
Two types of Agranulocytes
1. Lymphocytes 2. Monocytes
43
The Five types of Leukocytes
1. Neutrophils 2. Eosinophils 3. Basophils 4. Lymphocytes 5. Monocytes
44
What type of leukocyte posses these characteristics: * ca. 60% of leukocytes * Multilobed nucleus w. pale granules * Phagocytize bacteria
Neutrophils
45
What type of leukocyte posses these characteristics: * ca. 3% of leukocytes * Bilobed nucleus w. red granules * Phagocytize allergens
Eosinophils
46
What type of leukocyte posses these characteristics: * ca. 1% of leukocytes * Bilobed nucleus w. deep bue-violet granules * Release histamine during inflammation
Basophils
47
What type of leukocyte posses these characteristics: * ca. 30% of leukocytes * Round of slightly dented nucleus * May nearly fill the cel * Produce antibodies * Attack antigens
Lymphocytes
48
What type of leukocyte posses these characteristics: * ca. 6% of leukocytes * Kidney-shaped nucleus * Abundant cytoplasm * Exits blood vessels & becomes macrophage- phagocytizes pathogens cellular debris, dead cells.
Monocytes
49
List Leukocytes in order of descending abundance
* Neutrophils (60%) * Lymphocytes (30%) * Monocytes (6%) * Eosinophils (3%) * Basophils (1%) **_N_**ever **_L_**et **_M_**onkeys **_E_**at **_B_**ananas
50
Formed element that are formed from megakaryocytes
Platelets
51
What are megakaryocytes
Irregular membrane-enclosed cellular fragments that represent shed cytoplasm from cells. Precursor to platelets
52
Megakaryocytes are about \_\_\_x larger than erthrocytes
15
53
Formed element that are about 1/4 the size of erythrocytes
Platelets
54
Formed element that is invloved in the clotting of blood
Platelets
55
Three components of blood clots
1. Fibrin 2. Platelets 3. Erythrocytes

ANATOMY LECTURE (9 decks)

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