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ANATOMY LECTURE > Chapter 24: Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Chapter 24: Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system

(4 functions)

A
  1. Return interstitial fluid back to the bloodstream
  2. Transport lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins into the bloodstream
  3. Production and maturation of lymphocytes
  4. Generate an immune response against antigens in the interstitial fluid
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2
Q

What are the components of the Lymphatic System

(8 components)

A
  1. Lymph
  2. Lymphatic capillaries
  3. Lymphatic vessels
  4. Lymphatic trunks
  5. Lymphatic ducts
  6. Lymphatic cells
  7. Lymphatic nodules ​
  8. Lymphatic organs
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3
Q

What is a lymph​ comprised of

A
  • Interstitial fluid
  • Solutes
  • Foreign materials
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4
Q

Life cycle & name changes of a lymph:

  1. ________ flowing in blood capillaries is pushed out of capillaries by blood pressure
A

Plasma

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5
Q

Life cycle & name changes of a lymph:

  1. Once out of the capillaries, plasma becomes mixed with ________ _____ surrounding all of the cells
A

Interstitial fluid

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6
Q

Life cycle & name changes of a lymph:

  1. When taken up by lymphatic capillaries it becomes _______ and it passes through lymphatic ‘vessels’ to ________ _____ where it is filtered and where immune cells detect _______.
A

lymph; lymph nodes; antigens

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7
Q

Life cycle & name changes of a lymph:

  1. Lymphatic vessels merge to form ______ which fuse to become _____
A

trunks; ducts

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8
Q

Life cycle & name changes of a lymph:

  1. Returned by one of two lymphatic ducts to the subclavian veins where it is again called _____.
A

plasma

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9
Q

closed-ended tubes that are found interspersed among most blood capillary beds.

A

Lymphatic capillaries

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10
Q

Resemble blood capillaries but they have overlapping endothelial cells that act as one-way valves allowing interstitial fluid a one-way entrance into this type of capillary:

A

Lymphatic capillaries

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11
Q

Describe Lacteals

A

lymphatic capillary that collects interstitial fluid as well as lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins

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12
Q

Where are lacteals found?

A

GI tract

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13
Q

Lymph collected from GI system has a milky color due to the lipid absorption called _____

A

chyle

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14
Q

Lymphatic capillaries merge to form _______ _______

A

lymphatic vessels

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15
Q

How are lymphatic vessels similar to venules?

A

They have components of all three vascular tunics and possess valves similar to veins

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16
Q

Describe afferent lymphatic vessels

A

Bring lymph to a lymph node

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17
Q

Describe efferent lymphatic vessels

A

transport filtered lymph away from the lymph node

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18
Q

Lymphatic vessels merge to form left and right ___________ __________

A

lymphatic trunks

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19
Q

Three types of left and right trunks:

A
  1. Jugular trunks
  2. Subclavian trunks
  3. Bronchomediastinal trunks
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20
Q

Which lymphatic trunk drains lymph from the head and neck?

A

Jugular trunks

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21
Q

Which lymphatic trunk drains lymph from upper limbs

A

Subclavian trunks

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22
Q

Which lymphatic trunk drains lymph from breasts?

A

subclavian trunks

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23
Q

Which lymphatic trunk drains lymph from the superficial thoracic wall

A

subclavian trunks

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24
Q

Which lymphatic trunk drains lymph from deep thoracic structures​.

A

bronchomediastinal trunks

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25
Q

Which lymphatic trunk drains lymph from most abdominal structures

A

Intestinal trunks

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26
Q

Which lymphatic trunk drains lymph from lower limbs

A

Lumbar trunks

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27
Q

Which lymphatic trunk drains lymph from the abdominopelvic wall

A

Lumbar trunks

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28
Q

Which lymphatic trunk drains lymph from pelvic organs.

A

Lumbar trunks

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29
Q

As lymphatic trunks fuse, they form ______ ______.

A

Lymphatic ducts

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30
Q

Which lymphatic vessel is located deep to the right clavicle and returns at the junction of the right subclavian and internal jugular veins. Then returns lymph from the right side of the head and neck, right upper limb and the right side of the thorax

A

right lymphatic duct

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31
Q

Largest lymphatic vessel

A

thoracic duct

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32
Q

duct that begins just inferior to the diaphragm as a rounded saclike structure called cisterna chyli

A

Thoracic duct

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33
Q

The thoracic ducts have a rounded sac-like structure just inferior to the diaphragm called the _____ _____.

A

cisterna chyli

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34
Q

The thoracic duct passes through the aortic opening of the diaphragm and returns into the junction between the left ______ and ______ ______ veins.

A

subclavian; internal jugular

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35
Q

_______ _______ collects lymph from most of the body.

A

Thoracic duct

36
Q

Oval clusters of lymphatic cells with some extracellular matrix but not surrounded by a connective tissue capsule

A

lymphatic nodules

37
Q

The center of a nodule is called the ______ _______, which contains _____________ and ____________.

A

germinal center; ß-lymphocytes; macrophages

38
Q

______________ are located outside the germinal center

A

T-lymphocytes

39
Q

What do lymphatic nodules do?

A

filter and attack antigens

40
Q

List the different forms of lymphatic nodules:

A
  1. Lymphatic nodules
  2. MALT (including Peyer patches)
  3. Tonsils
41
Q

Which lymphatic nodules are located in the mucosa (inner layer) of the gastrointestinal tract

A

MALT

42
Q

Which lymphatic nodules are located in the mucosa (inner layer) of the respiratory tract

A

MALT

43
Q

Which lymphatic nodules are located in the mucosa (inner layer) of the genital tracts

A

MALT

44
Q

Which lymphatic nodules are located in the mucosa (inner layer) of the urinary tract

A

MALT

45
Q

What does Mucosa-Associated Lymphatic Tissue (MALT) do?

A

monitors and responds to antigens that may enter via, food, air, or urine

46
Q

MALT nodules very prominent in the ileum are referred to as ________ ________.

A

Peyer patches

47
Q

Where are tonsils located?

A

mainly in the Pharynx

48
Q

Located in pharynx: Large clusters of lymphatic cells and extracellular matrix that do not have completed surrounding capsules are called _______

A

tonsils

49
Q

Tonsils outer edges are invaginated to form crypts, which allow for trapping of ________ to be presented to the lymphocytes.

A

antigens

50
Q

What are the three types of tonsils:

A
  1. Pharyngeal tonsils
  2. Palatine tonsils
  3. Lingual tonsils
51
Q

These tonsils are located in the posterosuperior wall of the nasopharynx

A

Pharyngeal tonsils

52
Q

These tonsils are located in the posterolateral wall of the oral cavity

A

Palatine tonsils

53
Q

These tonsils are located along the posterior one-third of the tongue

A

lingual tonsils

54
Q

_____________ _________ consists of lymphatic cells and extracellular matrix and is completely surrounded by a connective tissue capsule

A

Lymphatic organs

55
Q

List the three main lymphatic organs:

A
  1. Thymus
  2. Lymph nodes
  3. Spleen
56
Q

Which lymphatic organ is a bilobed organ located superficial to the heart

A

Thymus

57
Q

Which lymphatic organ consists of two fused thymic lobes, which are divided into lobules

A

Thymus

58
Q

The thymus consists of two fused ______ _____ which are divided into ________

A

thymic lobes; lobules

59
Q

In the Thymus, each lobule has an outer ______ and an inner ______

A

cortex; medulla

60
Q

Which lymphatic organ continues to grow until puberty and then begins to regress in size and function and, in adults, becomes replaced mostly by adipose CT

A

Thymus

61
Q

Which lymphatic organ is the site of T-lymphocyte differentiation and maturation

A

Thymus

62
Q

Which lymphatic organ has a cortex that contains immature T-lymphocytes

A

Thymus

63
Q

Which lymphatic organ has a medulla that contains mature T-lymphocytes

A

Thymus

64
Q

At the Thymus, the cortex contains _______ T-lymphocytes, while the medulla contains ________ T-lymphocytes.

A

immature; mature

65
Q

True or False:
At the Thymus, in adulthood T-lymphocytes can only be produced by cell division.

A

True

66
Q

True or False:

At the Thymus, in adulthood T-lymphocytes can only be produced by maturation of new cells in the thymus

A

False

67
Q

Which lymphatic organ are small, kidney-shaped organs that cluster around lymphatic vessels

A

Lymph nodes

68
Q

There are (hundreds/thousands/millions) of lymph nodes within the body

A

Hundreds

69
Q

What three areas within the body will you find large concentrations of lymph nodes:

A
  1. Neck
  2. Armpit
  3. Groin
70
Q

What do lymph nodes do?

A

cleanse the lymph traveling within lymphatic vessels

71
Q

A lymph node is surrounded by an outer capsule. Internally, the lymph node consists of an outer _______ and an inner ______.

A

cortex; medulla

72
Q

In lymph nodes, the cortex contains many _______ _______

A

lymphatic nodules

73
Q

In lymph nodes, the medulla collects the ______ after it passes the cortex.

A

lymph

74
Q

Which lymphatic organ initiates an immune response when antigens are found in the blood

A

Spleen

75
Q

Which lymphatic organ serves as a reservoir for erythrocytes and platelets

A

spleen

76
Q

Which lymphatic organ phagocytizes old, defective erythrocytes and platelets

A

Spleen

77
Q

Which lymphatic organ phagocytizes bacteria and other foreign materials

A

spleen

78
Q

Which lymphatic organ monitors blood for antigens

A

spleen

79
Q

Which lymphatic organ is the largest lymphatic organ in the body, located just lateral to the left kidney

A

Spleen

80
Q

Which lymphatic organ is surrounded by dense irregular CT, called capsule

A

Spleen

81
Q

What is the inner layer of the spleen called

A

white pulp

82
Q

What is the outer layer of the spleen called

A

red pulp

83
Q

The inner layer of the spleen, white pulp, is associated with (arterial/venous)​ supply.

A

arterial

84
Q

The outer layer of the spleen, red pulp, is associated with (arterial/venous) supply.

A

venous

85
Q

In the spleen the (inner/outer) layer, the (red/white) pulp is composed of clusters of T- and B- lymphocytes and macrophages

A

inner; white

86
Q

In the spleen the (inner/outer) layer, the (red/white) pulp is composed of splenic cords & sinusoids, contains erythrocytes, platelets, macrophages, and some plasma cells

A

outer; red

87
Q

Which lymphatic organ can blood cells easily enter and leave the blood stream because of the discontinuous basal lamina of the capillaries?

A

Spleen

ANATOMY LECTURE (9 decks)

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