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Pharmo Drugs Kim > Chapter 27 Patho > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Patho Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is A general term that refers to abnormal new tissue growth characterized by the progressive, uncontrolled multiplication of cells?
A

Cancer

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2
Q
  1. What Abnormal growth of these new cells is called?
A

tumor/neoplasm

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3
Q
  1. A Tumar may be:-
A
  • Localized
  • Invasive
  • Benign
  • Malignant
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4
Q
  1. These tumors do not endanger life unless they interfere with the normal functions of other organs or affect a vital organ?
A

Benign tumors

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5
Q
  1. These tumors grow slowly and push aside normal tissue but do not invade it.
A

Benign tumors

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6
Q
  1. These tumors are usually encapsulated, well demarcated cells that do not travel by way of the bloodstream or lymphatics
A

Benign tumors

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7
Q
  1. these tumors are composed of embryonic, primitive or poorly differentiated cells.
A

Malignant tumors

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8
Q
  1. These tumors grow in a disorganized manner and so rapidly that nutrition of the cell becomes a problem.
A

Malignant tumors

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9
Q
  1. Necrosis, ulceration, and cavity formation are commonly associated with these type of tumors.
A

Malignant tumors

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10
Q
  1. These tumors also invade surrounding tissues and may be metastatic
A

Malignant tumors

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11
Q
  1. These tumors are most commonly originated in the epithelium of the tracheobronchial tree
A

Malignant tumors

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12
Q
  1. A tumor that originates in the bronchial mucosa is called?
A

bronchogenic carcinoma

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13
Q
  1. Name at least 5 major pathologic changes associated with bronchogenic carcinoma
A 
inflammation, swelling
excessive mucous production
tracheobronchial mucous accumulation/plugging
airway obstruction
atelectasis
alveolar consolidation
cavity formation
pleural effusion
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14
Q
  1. What is the most common cause of lung cancer?
A

cigarette smoking

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15
Q
  1. Cigarette smoke contains more than how many different chemicals?
A

4000

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16
Q
  1. This is associated with as much as 30% increase in the risk for lung cancer?
A

Secondhand smoke or ETS (environmental tobacco smoke)

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17
Q
  1. Two major categories for cancer (bronchogenic carcinomas) are known as what?
A

NSCLC (non small cell lung carcinoma)

SCLC (small cell lung cancer)

18
Q
  1. The NSCLC is divided into how many sub categories?
A

Three:-

squamous, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma

19
Q
  1. this type of cancer spreads aggressively and responds best to chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
A

SCLC

small cell lung cancer

20
Q
  1. These type of cancers are more common and account for 80% of all lung cancers in the US
A

NSCLC

non small cell lung cancer

21
Q
  1. This NSCLC is commonly located near a central bronchus or hilus and projects into the large bronchi.
A

Squamous cell carcinoma

22
Q
  1. this NSCLC originates from the basal cells of the bronchial epithelium. It has a slow growth rate and a late metastatic tendency.
A

Squamous cell carcinoma

23
Q
  1. Cavitation and necrosis within this NSCLC is a common finding. Surgical resection is a preferred tx if metastasis has not taken place.
A

Squamous cell carcinoma

24
Q
  1. This NSCLC arises from mucous glands of the tracheobronchial tree.
A

Adenocarcinoma

25
Q
  1. The glandular configuration and the mucous production caused by which type of cancer are the pathologic features that distinguish this from other types of bronchogenic carcinoma?
A

Adenocarcinoma

26
Q
  1. Which NSCLC has the weakest association with smoking
A

Adenocarcinoma

27
Q
  1. These tumors usually grow slow, their metastasis pattern is unpredictable and typically arise from the terminal bronchioles and alveoli
A

Adenocarcinoma

28
Q
  1. This tumor has lost all evidence of differentiation and is commonly referres to as undifferentiated large cell anapestic cancer?
A

Large cell carcinoma

29
Q
  1. These tumors have a rapid growth rate and early and widespread metastasis, which commonly distort the trachea and large airways.
A

Large cell carcinoma

30
Q
  1. Common secondary complications include chest wall pain, pleural effusion, pneumonia, hemoptysis, and cavity formation in which type of tumor?
A

Large cell carcinoma

31
Q
  1. Which form of cancer is commonly referred to as oat cell carcinoma?
A

Small cell Lung carcinoma

32
Q
  1. Which form of cancer has the poorest prognosis?
A

Small cell Lung carcinoma

33
Q
  1. this cancer has the strongest correlation with cigarette smoking and is associated with the worst prognosis? In Exam
A

Small cell lung carcinoma

34
Q
  1. Screening and Diagnosis?
A
  1. CXR
  2. CT Scan
  3. Positron emission tomography (PET) SCAN (Color scanner, spotting cancerr)
  4. Biopsy is only definitive diagnosis
35
Q
  1. STAGING OF LUNG CANCER ARE WHAT?
A
  1. STAGE O= Limited to linging of airway and can be successfully treated.
  2. STAGE I= <3mc in size and located in lobar or distal airway, no mesastasis or adjacent tissue involvment.
  3. STAGE II: Invaded bordering lymph nodes and spread to chest wall, no distant, metastasis.
  4. STAGE IIIA= In main bronchus and accompanied by obstruction and Atelectasis of the entire lung. Involved in adjacent tissue and lymphatic system, No distant metastasis.
  5. STAGE IIIB= Spread diffusely throughout the chest.
  6. STAGE IV: Involves lymph node groups and has spread to other parts of the body.
36
Q
  1. Small cell lung carcinomas:
A
  1. Limited: Cancer is confined to only one lung and to its neighboring lymph nodes.
  2. Extensive; both lungs involved, lymph nodes, and other organs
37
Q
  1. General Management of Cancer of the lung?

What is the Surgery?

A
  1. Wedge section: Partial removal of a lobe
  2. Segmentectomy: Removal of alung segment
  3. Lobectomy: Removal of one lobe
  4. Pneumonectomy: Removal of entire lung
38
Q
  1. Chemotherapy?
A

Primary treatment of SCLC

39
Q
  1. Radiation Therapy?
A
  1. SCLC treatment

2. LSCLC treatment if patient is NOT a surgical candidate.

40
Q
  1. Palliative care?
A

Comfort measures treating symptoms of cancer and not the cancer itself

41
Q
  1. RESPIRATORY CARE TREATMENT OF CANCER
A
  1. O2 therapy.
  2. Bronchopulmonary hygiene.
  3. Lung expansion.
  4. Aerosolized medicaions

Pharmo Drugs Kim (23 decks)

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