Chapter 27 Patho Flashcards
1
Q
- What is A general term that refers to abnormal new tissue growth characterized by the progressive, uncontrolled multiplication of cells?
A
Cancer
2
Q
- What Abnormal growth of these new cells is called?
A
tumor/neoplasm
3
Q
- A Tumar may be:-
A
- Localized
- Invasive
- Benign
- Malignant
4
Q
- These tumors do not endanger life unless they interfere with the normal functions of other organs or affect a vital organ?
A
Benign tumors
5
Q
- These tumors grow slowly and push aside normal tissue but do not invade it.
A
Benign tumors
6
Q
- These tumors are usually encapsulated, well demarcated cells that do not travel by way of the bloodstream or lymphatics
A
Benign tumors
7
Q
- these tumors are composed of embryonic, primitive or poorly differentiated cells.
A
Malignant tumors
8
Q
- These tumors grow in a disorganized manner and so rapidly that nutrition of the cell becomes a problem.
A
Malignant tumors
9
Q
- Necrosis, ulceration, and cavity formation are commonly associated with these type of tumors.
A
Malignant tumors
10
Q
- These tumors also invade surrounding tissues and may be metastatic
A
Malignant tumors
11
Q
- These tumors are most commonly originated in the epithelium of the tracheobronchial tree
A
Malignant tumors
12
Q
- A tumor that originates in the bronchial mucosa is called?
A
bronchogenic carcinoma
13
Q
- Name at least 5 major pathologic changes associated with bronchogenic carcinoma
A
inflammation, swelling excessive mucous production tracheobronchial mucous accumulation/plugging airway obstruction atelectasis alveolar consolidation cavity formation pleural effusion
14
Q
- What is the most common cause of lung cancer?
A
cigarette smoking
15
Q
- Cigarette smoke contains more than how many different chemicals?
A
4000
16
Q
- This is associated with as much as 30% increase in the risk for lung cancer?
A
Secondhand smoke or ETS (environmental tobacco smoke)
17
Q
- Two major categories for cancer (bronchogenic carcinomas) are known as what?
A
NSCLC (non small cell lung carcinoma)
SCLC (small cell lung cancer)
18
Q
- The NSCLC is divided into how many sub categories?
A
Three:-
squamous, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma
19
Q
- this type of cancer spreads aggressively and responds best to chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
A
SCLC
small cell lung cancer
20
Q
- These type of cancers are more common and account for 80% of all lung cancers in the US
A
NSCLC
non small cell lung cancer
21
Q
- This NSCLC is commonly located near a central bronchus or hilus and projects into the large bronchi.
A
Squamous cell carcinoma
22
Q
- this NSCLC originates from the basal cells of the bronchial epithelium. It has a slow growth rate and a late metastatic tendency.
A
Squamous cell carcinoma
23
Q
- Cavitation and necrosis within this NSCLC is a common finding. Surgical resection is a preferred tx if metastasis has not taken place.
A
Squamous cell carcinoma
24
Q
- This NSCLC arises from mucous glands of the tracheobronchial tree.
A
Adenocarcinoma
25
Q
- The glandular configuration and the mucous production caused by which type of cancer are the pathologic features that distinguish this from other types of bronchogenic carcinoma?
A
Adenocarcinoma
26
Q
- Which NSCLC has the weakest association with smoking
A
Adenocarcinoma
27
Q
- These tumors usually grow slow, their metastasis pattern is unpredictable and typically arise from the terminal bronchioles and alveoli
A
Adenocarcinoma
28
Q
- This tumor has lost all evidence of differentiation and is commonly referres to as undifferentiated large cell anapestic cancer?
A
Large cell carcinoma
29
Q
- These tumors have a rapid growth rate and early and widespread metastasis, which commonly distort the trachea and large airways.
A
Large cell carcinoma
30
Q
- Common secondary complications include chest wall pain, pleural effusion, pneumonia, hemoptysis, and cavity formation in which type of tumor?
A
Large cell carcinoma
31
Q
- Which form of cancer is commonly referred to as oat cell carcinoma?
A
Small cell Lung carcinoma
32
Q
- Which form of cancer has the poorest prognosis?
A
Small cell Lung carcinoma
33
Q
- this cancer has the strongest correlation with cigarette smoking and is associated with the worst prognosis? In Exam
A
Small cell lung carcinoma
34
Q
- Screening and Diagnosis?
A
- CXR
- CT Scan
- Positron emission tomography (PET) SCAN (Color scanner, spotting cancerr)
- Biopsy is only definitive diagnosis
35
Q
- STAGING OF LUNG CANCER ARE WHAT?
A
- STAGE O= Limited to linging of airway and can be successfully treated.
- STAGE I= <3mc in size and located in lobar or distal airway, no mesastasis or adjacent tissue involvment.
- STAGE II: Invaded bordering lymph nodes and spread to chest wall, no distant, metastasis.
- STAGE IIIA= In main bronchus and accompanied by obstruction and Atelectasis of the entire lung. Involved in adjacent tissue and lymphatic system, No distant metastasis.
- STAGE IIIB= Spread diffusely throughout the chest.
- STAGE IV: Involves lymph node groups and has spread to other parts of the body.
36
Q
- Small cell lung carcinomas:
A
- Limited: Cancer is confined to only one lung and to its neighboring lymph nodes.
- Extensive; both lungs involved, lymph nodes, and other organs
37
Q
- General Management of Cancer of the lung?
What is the Surgery?
A
- Wedge section: Partial removal of a lobe
- Segmentectomy: Removal of alung segment
- Lobectomy: Removal of one lobe
- Pneumonectomy: Removal of entire lung
38
Q
- Chemotherapy?
A
Primary treatment of SCLC
39
Q
- Radiation Therapy?
A
- SCLC treatment
2. LSCLC treatment if patient is NOT a surgical candidate.
40
Q
- Palliative care?
A
Comfort measures treating symptoms of cancer and not the cancer itself
41
Q
- RESPIRATORY CARE TREATMENT OF CANCER
A
- O2 therapy.
- Bronchopulmonary hygiene.
- Lung expansion.
- Aerosolized medicaions
