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Pharmo Drugs Kim > Chapter 18 Pharm > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Pharm Flashcards

1
Q
  1. This is the accidental inhalation of food particles, fluids, or gastric contents into the lungs.

a. Acetylcholinesterase (AchE)
b. Amnestic properties.
c. Aspiration.
d. Sedation.

A

c. Aspiration.

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2
Q
  1. One of the basic functional units of the nervous system that is specialized to transmit electrical nerve impulses and carry information from one part of the body to another; It consists of a cell body, axons, dendrites.

a. eurotransmitter.
b. Nosocmial pneumonia.
c. Receptor.
d. Neuron (nerve cell).

A

d. Neuron (nerve cell).

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3
Q
  1. Pneumonia that is acquired in a health care setting.

a. Somatic motor neurons.
b. Nosocomial pneumonia
c. Sedaton.

A

b. Nosocomial pneumonia

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4
Q
  1. A chemical that released from a nerve ending to transmit and impulse from a nerve cell to another nerve, muscle, organ or other tissue.

a. Neurotransmitter.
b. Nosocmial pneumonia.
c. Receptor.
d. Neuron (nerve cell).

A

a. Neurotransmitter.

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5
Q
  1. Characteristics of a substance or drug with the ability to cause total or partial loss of memory.

a. Aspiration.
b. Amnestic properties
c. Receptor.
d. Neuron (nerve cell).

A

b. Amnestic properties

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6
Q
  1. Involuntary contractions or twitching of groups of muscle fibers.

a. Status asthmaticus.
b. Fasciculations.
c. Receptor.
d. Neuron (nerve cell).

A

b. Fasciculations.

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7
Q
  1. An enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the synaptic cleft so that the next nerve impulse can be transmitted across the synaptic gap.

a. Aspiration.
b. Amnestic properties
c. Receptor.
d. Acetylcholinesterase

A

d. Acetylcholinesterase

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8
Q
  1. the production of a restful state of mind, particularly by the use of drugs that have a calming effect, relieving anxiety and tension.

a. Sedation.
b. Fasciculations.
c. Receptor.
d. Neuron (nerve cell).

A

a. Sedation.

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9
Q
  1. an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by chronic fatigue and exhaustion of muscles.

a. Amnestic properties
b. Myasthenia Gravis
c. Receptor.
d. Acetylcholinesterase

A

b. Myasthenia Gravis

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10
Q
  1. A person At least 30 minutes of continuous seizure activity without full recovery between seizures.

a. Sedation.
b. Fasciculations.
c. Receptor.
d. Status Epilepticus

A

d. Status Epilepticus

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11
Q
  1. a substance that interferes with the neural transmission between motor neurons and skeletal muscles thus causing skeletal muscle weakness or paralysis and therefore preventing movement.

a. Aspiration.
b. Amnestic properties
c. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (NMBAs)
d. Acetylcholinesterase

A

c. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (NMBAs)

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12
Q
  1. An attack of asthma lasting for more than 24 hours.

a. Status asthmaticus.
b. Amnestic properties
c. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (NMBAs)
d. Acetylcholinesterase

A

a. Status asthmaticus.

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13
Q
  1. A molecular structure inside or outside the cell that binds to a specific substance to elicit a physiologic respinse.

a. Receptor.
b. Amnestic properties
c. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (NMBAs)
d. Acetylcholinesterase

A

a. Receptor.

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14
Q
  1. Part of the nervous system that controls muscles that are under voluntary control.

a. Receptor.
b. Amnestic properties
c. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (NMBAs)
d. Somatic Motor Neurons

A

d. Somatic Motor Neurons

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15
Q
  1. Describe the difference between a depolarizing and nondepolarizing agent.
  2. Depolarizing agents bind to acetylcholine receptors and cause a sustained postsynaptic membrane depolarization. -Nondepolarizing agents produce paralysis and muscle weakness by competing with acetylcholine for binding at the acetylcholine receptors.
  3. The phase during which the muscle fiber can be restimulated. Until this phase occurs the muscle is refractory.
A

Depolarizing agents bind to acetylcholine receptors and cause a sustained postsynaptic membrane depolarization. -Nondepolarizing agents produce paralysis and muscle weakness by competing with acetylcholine for binding at the acetylcholine receptors.

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16
Q
  1. What can happen when acetylcholinesterase breaks down AcH?
  2. The phase during which the muscle fiber can be restimulated. Until this phase occurs the muscle is refractory.
  3. The muscle fiber is allowed to repolarize
A

The muscle fiber is allowed to repolarize

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17
Q
  1. What are the 2 phases of muscle stimulation?
  2. The muscle fiber is allowed to repolarize
  3. Depolarization and Repolarization
  4. The phase in which contraction of the muscle occurs
A
  1. Depolarization and Repolarization
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18
Q
  1. Describe depolarization
  2. The muscle fiber is allowed to repolarize
  3. Depolarization and Repolarization
  4. The phase in which contraction of the muscle occurs
A
  1. The phase in which contraction of the muscle occurs
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19
Q
  1. Describe Repolarization
  2. The muscle fiber is allowed to repolarize
  3. Depolarization and Repolarization
  4. The phase in which contraction of the muscle occurs
  5. The phase during which the muscle fiber can be restimulated. Until this phase occurs the muscle is refractory.
A
  1. The phase during which the muscle fiber can be restimulated. Until this phase occurs the muscle is refractory.
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20
Q
  1. What is competitive inhibition?
  2. The muscle fiber is allowed to repolarize
  3. The binding and blocking of the acetylcholine receptors without depolarization. (non depolarizing agents)
  4. The phase in which contraction of the muscle occurs
  5. The phase during which the muscle fiber can be restimulated. Until this phase occurs the muscle is refractory.
A
  1. The binding and blocking of the acetylcholine receptors without depolarization. (non depolarizing agents)
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21
Q
  1. How do depolarizing agents work?
  2. Prolonged occupation and persistent binding of the acetylcholine receptors, resulting in sustained depolarization.
  3. The binding and blocking of the acetylcholine receptors without depolarization. (non depolarizing agents)
  4. The phase in which contraction of the muscle occurs
  5. The phase during which the muscle fiber can be restimulated. Until this phase occurs the muscle is refractory.
A
  1. Prolonged occupation and persistent binding of the acetylcholine receptors, resulting in sustained depolarization
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22
Q
  1. what is the first indication that paralysis is taking effect when administering a nondepolarizing agent?
  2. Prolonged occupation and persistent binding of the acetylcholine receptors, resulting in sustained depolarization.
  3. The binding and blocking of the acetylcholine receptors without depolarization. (non depolarizing agents)
  4. The phase in which contraction of the muscle occurs
  5. The Pt has drooping eyelids and is unable to lif their head.
A

The Pt has drooping eyelids and is unable to lif their head.

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23
Q
  1. what would be the first indication that the nondepolarizing agent is reversing or wearing off?
  2. The Pt has drooping eyelids and is unable to lift their head.
  3. There is diaphragmatic function as seen by the movement of the abdomen.
  4. The phase in which contraction of the muscle occurs
  5. The Pt has drooping eyelids and is unable to lif their head.
A
  1. There is diaphragmatic function as seen by the movement of the abdomen.
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24
Q
  1. What are 2 concerns to respiratory therapists when administering nondepolarizing agents?

I. Maintaining a patent airway

II. The Pt has drooping eyelids and is unable to lift their head.

III. Maintaining appropriate ventilation, because nondepolartizing agents cause apnea

A

I. Maintaining a patent airway

III. Maintaining appropriate ventilation, because nondepolartizing agents cause apnea

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25
Q
  1. What type of drug would reverse nondepolarizing agents?
  2. The muscle fiber is allowed to repolarize
  3. Anticholinesterase such as neostigmine
  4. The phase in which contraction of the muscle occurs
  5. The phase during which the muscle fiber can be restimulated. Until this phase occurs the muscle is refractory.
A
  1. Anticholinesterase such as neostigmine
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26
Q
  1. Which reversal agent is used to treat myesthenia gravis?
  2. The muscle fiber is allowed to repolarize
  3. Anticholinesterase such as neostigmine
  4. The phase in which contraction of the muscle occurs
  5. Pyridostigmine
A

Pyridostigmine

27
Q
  1. List 2 side effect of nondepolarizing agent

I. Tachycardia

II. Increased Salivation

III. Bradycardia

A

I. Tachycardia

II. Increased Salivation

28
Q
  1. Which neuromuscular blocking agent would not be recommended for a pt with asthma?

I. Tachycardia

II. Increased Salivation

III. d-Tubocurarine

A

III. d-Tubocurarine

29
Q
  1. What NMBA would not be recommended for a pt with high blood pressure and tachycardia?

a. d-Tubocurarine
b. Intubation
c. Pancuronium

A

Pancuronium

30
Q
  1. What is the main indication for succinylcholine?

a. d-Tubocurarine
b. Intubation
c. Pancuronium

A

Intubation

31
Q
  1. Depolarization is initially indicated by what, followed by flaccid paralysis?

a. d-Tubocurarine
b. Intubation
c. Pancuronium
d. fasciculations

A

fasciculations

32
Q
  1. List 3 side effects of succinylcholine that occur in most adult patients
    a. fasciculations
    b. histamine Release
    c. Hypertension
    d. Tachycardia
    e. Hypertension
    f. Tachycardia
A

b. Histamine Release
c. Hypertension

D.Tachycardia

33
Q
  1. Retention of secretions is thought to increase the incidence of____ in pts receiving neuromuscular blockage for a prolonged period
    a. Histamine Release
    b. Hypertension
    c. Tachycardia
    d. Nosocomial Pneumonia
A

d. Nosocomial Pneumonia

34
Q
  1. In paralyzed pts recieving mechanical ventilation, elevating the head can reduce the risk of what?
A

Aspiration

35
Q
  1. Remember NMBA only cause muscle paralysis. What should be administered to remove conscious awareness and pain?
  2. Amnestic
  3. Sedation and Analgesia
A
  1. Sedation and Analgesia
36
Q
  1. For intubation, a short acting neuromuscular blocking agent and a sedative that has ____ properties should be administered
  2. Sedation and Analgesics
  3. Amnestic
37
Q
  1. True or False: Direct observation of muscle activity provides the simplest means of monitoring adequacy of blockade
38
Q
  1. List, in order of occurence, the sequence of paralysis of the skeletal muscles that can be monitored physically
A

a. Small rapid moving muscles such as the eyelides
b. Face
c. Neck
d. Extremities
e. Abdomen
f. Intercostals
g. Diaphragm

39
Q
  1. True or False: When using the train of four monitoring technique, the fewer twitches that occur when a stimulus is applied the greater the degree of neuromuscular blockade.
40
Q
  1. which of the following is not an indication for a neuromuscular blocking agent?
    a. Endotracheal Extubation
    b. Muscle paralysis during surgery
    c. To Facilitate mechanical ventilation
    d. Endotracheal intubation
A

A. Endotracheal Extubation

41
Q
  1. If a mechanically ventilated pt is recieving vecuronium, the pt should also recieve what?
    a. Apolarization
    b. Depolarization
    c. Repolarization
    d. Sedation and Analgesics
A

Sedation and Analgesics

42
Q
  1. Muscle contraction occurs during which of the following?
    a. Apolarization
    b. Depolarization
    c. Repolarization
    d. Myelination
A

D. Myelination

43
Q

The only depolarizing drug is which of the following?

a. Tubocurarine
b. Doxacurium
c. Pancuronium
d. Succinylcholine

A

D. Succinylcholine

44
Q
  1. The only depolarizing drug is which of the following?
    a. Tubocurarine
    b. Doxacurium
    c. Pancuronium
    d. Succinylcholine
A

D. Succinylcholine

45
Q
  1. Muscle Paralysis caused by nondepolarizing blocking agents can be reversed by which of the following?
    a. Cholinesterase
    b. Cholinesterase inhibitors
    c. Parasympatholytics
    d. sympathomimetics
A

B. Cholinesterase inhibitors

46
Q
  1. The transmission of nerve conduction in skeletal muscle is chemically mediated by which of the following?
    a. AcH
    b. Pseudocholinesterase
    c. Anticholinesterase
    d. Norepinephrine
47
Q
  1. Which of the following drugs can reverse the effects of pancuronium?
    a. Decamethonium
    b. Neostigmine
    c. Prostigmine
    d. Reversostigmine
A

B. Neostigmine

48
Q
  1. An asthmatic pt is about to be intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation. which of the following neuromuscular blocking agents should not be administered?
    a. Vecuronium
    b. Atracurium
    c. d-tubocurarine
    d. Pipecuronuium
A

C. d-tubocurarine

49
Q
  1. The neuromuscular drug of choice for endotracheal intubation is:
    a. Vecuronium
    b. Atracurium
    c. d-tubocurarine
    d. Succinylcholine
A

D. Succinylcholine

50
Q
  1. For endotracheally intubated, paralyzed pts receiving mechanical ventilation, what would help reduce the risk of aspiration?
  2. Raise the lower level of the bed
  3. Lower the bed.
  4. Raise the head of the bed
A
  1. Raise the head of the bed
51
Q
  1. What should be administered to remove conscious awareness in a pt who has recieved a NMBA?
    a. Apolarization
    b. Depolarization
    c. Sedation
    d. Analgesics
A

c. Sedation

52
Q
  1. What is the simplest means of monitoring the adequacy of neuromuscular blockade?
    a. Apolarization
    b. Direct observation of muscle activity
    c. Sedation
    d. Indirect observation of muscle activity
A

b. Direct observation of muscle activity

53
Q
  1. What would be the first indication that a nondepolarizing agent is reversing or wearing off?
  2. Direct observation of muscle activity
  3. Abdomen moves
  4. Indirect observation of muscle activity
A

Abdomen moves

54
Q
  1. During brief periods of paralysis, what subjective assessments measures voluntary muscular functions?
  2. Hand grip strength and the ability to lift the head off the bed for 5 seconds
  3. Abdomen moves
  4. Indirect observation of muscle activity
A
  1. Hand grip strength and the ability to lift the head off the bed for 5 seconds
55
Q
  1. The most common pathologic condition requiring a patient to be placed on mechanical ventilation and require muscle relaxation is____________

A. Voluntary movement.
B. Severe Asthma
C. Involuntary movement.
D. Nerve

A

B. Severe Asthma

56
Q
  1. The somatic motor nervous system, or skeletal muscle system, controls_________movement.

A. Voluntary movement.
B. Severe Asthma
C. Involuntary movement.
D. Voluntary movement

A

D. Voluntary movement

57
Q
  1. The_______________ Which is the major muscle of ventilation, is an example of the skeletal muscle control by the somatic nervous system.

A. Voluntary movement.
B. Severe Asthma
C. Accessory Muscle

A

C. Accessory Muscle

58
Q
  1. The autonomic nervous system controls __________movement.

A. Voluntary movement.
B. Severe Asthma
C. Accessory Muscle
D. Involuntary movement.

A

D. Involuntary movement.

59
Q
  1. Based on neuromuscular physiology, describe two ways muscle contraction my be blocked.

A. Involuntary movement and Voluntary movement.
B. Competitive inhibition and Prolonged occupation and persistent binding.
C. Pancuronium and Succinylcholine

A

B. Competitive inhibition and Prolonged occupation and persistent binding.

60
Q
  1. What are two concerns to respiratory therapists when administering nondepolarizing agents.

A. Maintaining a patient airway and Maintaining appropriate ventilation, because nondepolarizing agents cause apnea.
B. Competitive inhibition and Prolonged occupation and persistent binding.
C. Pancuronium and Succinylcholine

A

A. Maintaining a patient airway and Maintaining appropriate ventilation, because nondepolarizing agents cause apnea.

61
Q
  1. What two NMBAs would not recommend for a patient with high blood pressure and tachycardia?

A. Tobi and Tailonol.
B. Pancuronium and Succinylcholine

A

B. Pancuronium and Succinylcholine

62
Q
  1. List two side effects of reversing agents.

A. Tachycardia and headach.
B. Bradycardia and Salivation

A

B. Bradycardia and Salivation

63
Q
  1. Which of the following are indications for administrations of an NMBA?
  2. Endotracheal extubation
  3. Muscle paralysis during surgery.
  4. To facilitate mechanical ventilation
  5. Endotracheal intubation

A. 1 and 2
B. 3 and 4
C. 2, 3, and 4
D. 1, 2, 3, 4

A

C. 2, 3, and 4

64
Q 
64. 
A. 
B. 
C. 
D.
A

A.
B.
C.
D.

Pharmo Drugs Kim (23 decks)

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