Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmo Drugs Kim > Chapter 14 Patho > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Patho Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the definition of Bronchiectasis?
  2. The abnormal dilation of the bronchi.
  3. Hyerinflation.
A
  1. The abnormal dilation of the bronchi.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. What are the 3 forms of Bronchiectasis?
A
  1. Varicose Bronchiectasis (Fusiform), Cylindrical Bronchiectasis (Tubular), Cystic Bronchiectasis (Saccular)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  1. Bronchiectasis effects which portion/(lobes) of the lung?
A

The lower lobes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  1. Varicose (Fusiform) Bronchiectasis has what type of characteristics?
A

The bronchial walls have large, irregular shaped distortions. Resembles varicose veins that are dilated and constricted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. Cylindrical (Tubular) Bronchiectasis has what type of characteristics?
A

The bronchial walls are dilated. The bronchi do not taper and end abruptly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  1. What form of Bronchiectasis is the least severe?
A

Varicose (Fusiform), Cylindrical (Tubular) or Cystic (Saccular)
Cylindrical Bronchiectasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. Cystic (Saccular) Bronchiectasis has what type of characteristics?
A

Complete destruction of bronchial walls. Normal tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue. Bronchi end in large, cyst-like sacs. Trapped secretions change the airway which leads to the greatest damage to the tracheobronchial tree.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. What form of Bronchiectasis is the most severe?
A

Varicose (Fusiform), Cylindrical (Tubular) or Cystic (Saccular)
Cystic Bronchiectasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. What form of bronchiectasis is this?
A

Varicose (Fusiform), Cylindrical (Tubular), or Cystic (Saccular)
Cystic (Saccular) Bronchiectasis
(Trapped secretions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. What are the anatomical alterations of the lungs that are associated with Bronchiectasis?
A

Chronic dilation and distortion of bronchial airways.
Excessive production of often foul-smelling sputum.
(Anaerobic organisms)
Bronchospasm
Hyperinflation of alveoli (air-trapping).
Atelectasis (to a degree of mucus plugging).
Consolidation and parenchymal fibrosis.
Hemorrhage secondary to bronchial arterial erosion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  1. True/False. Most all causes of bronchiectasis include some combination of bronchial obstruction and infection.
A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  1. True/False. In the United States, the incidence of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is about 4.2 per 100,000 young adults.
A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True/False. There are higher incidences of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in under-developed countries.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  1. What is the #1 cause of Bronchiectasis?
A

Cystic Fibrosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  1. The causes of Bronchiectasis are classified as:
A 
Acquired bronchial obstruction.
Congenital anatomic defects.
Immunodeficiency states.
Abnormal secretion clearance.
Miscellaneous disorders.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. What are the “acquired” causes of Bronchiectasis?
A 
Foreign body aspiration.
Tumors.
Hilar adenopathy.
COPD.
Rheumatic disease.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  1. What are the “congenital” (born with) causes of
A

Bronchiectasis?
Tracheobronchial abnormalities.
Vascular abnormalities.
Lymphatic abnormalities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  1. What are the Immunologic States of Bronchiectasis?
A

Low levels of immunoglobulin IgG, IgA, and IgM.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  1. What are the Abnormal Secretion Clearance causes of Bronchiectasis?
A

Ciliary defects of airway mucosa.
(Kartagener’s syndrome -situs inversus).
(Ciliary dyskinesis).
Cystic Fibrosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  1. What are the Miscellaneous Disorders causes of Bronchiectasis?
A 
Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency.
Recurrent aspiration pneumonia.
Inflammatory bowel diseases.
Inhalation of toxic fumes.
Chronic organ rejection following transplantation.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the “gold standard” to confirm Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis?

A

HR-CT scan.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  1. The HR-CT scan used to diagnose Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis replaced what method?
A

The bronchography. (Bronchogram)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  1. The primary diagnosis of Bronchiectasis includes:
A

An internal diameter of a bronchus that is wider than its adjacent pulmonary artery.
A failure of the bronchi to taper.
The visualization of bronchi in the outer 1-2 cm of the lung fields.

24
Q
  1. Spirometry testing can be used to determine if the bronchiectasis is primarly an _______ or _______ lung pathophysiology.
A

obstructive, restrictive.

25
Q
  1. What is the “gold standard” to confirm Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis?
A

HR-CT scan.

26
Q
  1. The HR-CT scan used to diagnose Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis replaced what method?
A

The bronchography. (Bronchogram)

27
Q
  1. In the diagnosis of Bronchiectasis, an ABG can confirm if the patient has _______, _________, or ________ bronchiectasis.
A

mild, moderate, severe.

28
Q
  1. Bronchiectasis manifestations from pathophysiologic mechanisms are caused or activated by:
A

Excessive bronchial secretions.
Bronchospasm.
Consolidation.
Increased aveolar-capillary membrane thickness.

29
Q
  1. Depending on the amount of bronchial secretions and the degree of bronchial destruction and fibrosis/atelectasis associated with bronchiectasis, the disease may create an _______ or a ________ lung disorder or a ___________ of both.
A

obstructive, restrictive, combination.

30
Q
  1. If the majority of the bronchial airways are only partially obstructed, the bronchiectasis manifests primarily as an ______ lung disorder.
A

obstructive.

31
Q
  1. If the majority of the bronchial airways are completely obstructed, the distal alveoli collapse, atelectasis results, and the bronchiectasis manifests primarily as a _____ disorder.
A

restrictive.

32
Q

True/False. If the disease is limited to a relatively small portion of the lung- as it often is- the patient may not have any of the following typical clinical manifestations of bronchiectasis.

33
Q
  1. What are the physical signs of Bronchiectasis?
A

Increased HR, RR, BP.
Use of accessory muscles on inspiration and expiration.
Pursed-lip breathing (when obstructive).
Increased anteroposterior chest diameter (barrel chest) (when obstructive).
Cyansis.
Digital clubbing.
Peripheral edema and venous distention.
Distended neck veins, pitting edema, and enlarged and tender liver.
Cough, sputum, and hemoptysis

34
Q
  1. What is the hallmark of Bronchiectasis?
A

Chronic cough with production of large quantities of foul-smelling sputum.

35
Q
  1. In Bronchiectasis, the sputum tends to settle in layers. What are the layers?
A

Foam, Liquid, then Pus Sediment.

36
Q
  1. What are the chest findings in Bronchiectasis when the disease is Obstructive in nature?
A 
Decreased tactile and vocal fremitus.
Hyperresonant percussion note.
Diminished breath sounds.
Wheezing.
Crackles.
37
Q
  1. What are the chest findings in Bronchiectasis when the disease is Restrictive in nature?
A 
Increased tactile and vocal fremitus.
Bronchial breath sounds.
Crackles.
Whispered pectoriloquy. (99-muffled)
Dull percussion note.
38
Q
  1. Bronchiectasis pulmonary function is best described as:
A

decreased flows. (FEV1/FVC ratio is decreased)

39
Q
  1. In Bronchiectasis, pulmonary function with Obstructive Disease is described as:
A

air trapping. (FRc and RV are increased)

40
Q
  1. In Bronchiectasis, the pulmonary function with Restrictive Disease is described as:
    normal flows. (Volumes/Capacities are decreased)
A

normal flows. (Volumes/Capacities are decreased)

41
Q
  1. In Bronchiectasis, the ABG reads:
A

Increased pH.

Decreased PaCO2, HCO3, PaO2, and SaO2.

42
Q
  1. In Bronchiectasis, what are the abnormal lab tests associated with this disorder?
A

Increased hematocrit and hemoglobin.
Elevated WBC count, if infection.
Sputum examination.

43
Q
  1. In Bronchiectasis, what is the sputum examined for?
A

Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Haemophilus influenzae.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Anaerobic organisms.

44
Q
  1. In Bronchiectasis, when Obstructive in nature, what do the chest findings appear as?
A

Translucent (dark) lung fields.
Depressed or flattened diaphragm.
Long or narrow heart.
Enlarged heart (in heart failure).
Areas of consolidation and/or atelectasis may or may not be seen.
Tram tracks (cylindrical bronchiectasis).
Areas of consolidation and/or atelectasis.

45
Q
  1. Tram tracks are associated with which form of Bronchiectasis?
    Varicose (Fusiform), Cylindrical (Tubular), or Cystic (Saccular).
A

Cylindrical (Tubular) Bronchiectasis.

46
Q
  1. In Bronchiectasis, when Restrictive in nature, what do the chest findings appear as?
A

Atelectasis and consolidation.
Infiltrates (suggesting pneumonia).
Increased opacity.

47
Q
  1. What is the name of this syndrome?
A

Kartagener’s syndrome; situs inversus.

48
Q
  1. What form of bronchiectasis is this?

Varicose (Fusiform), Cylindrical (Tubular), or Cystic (Saccular)

A

Cylindrical (Tubular) Bronchiectasis.

49
Q
  1. What form of bronchiectasis is this?

Varicose (Fusiform), Cylindrical (Tubular), or Cystic (Saccular)

A

Varicose (Fusiform) Bronchiectasis.

50
Q
  1. What are the circle-like structures called in this CT scan for Bronchiectasis?
A

Signet ring sacs.

51
Q
  1. What is the definition of Lung Mapping?
A

The ability to map out and determine precisely where chest physical therapy would be delivered.

52
Q
  1. True/False. Bronchiectasis is treatable, NOT curable.

.

53
Q
  1. What are the general treatments for Bronchiectasis?
A

Controlling pulmonary infections.
Controlling airway secretions.
Preventing complications.
(Vaccinations, Quit Smoking, and Avoid Pollutants)

54
Q
  1. What are the Respiratory Therapy Protocols for the general management of Bronchiectasis?
A 
Oxygen Therapy Protocol.
Bronchopulmonary Hygiene Therapy Protocol.
Lung Expansion Therapy Protocol.
Aerosolized Medication Therapy Protocol.
Mechanical Ventilation Protocol.
55
Q
  1. What are the medications commonly prescribed by a physician in the general management of Bronchiectasis?
A

Expectorants (Mucinex)
Antibiotics
NO COUGH SUPPRESSANTS!

56
Q
  1. A patient who has Bronchiectasis and is prescribed a mucolytic, what is a potential side effect?
A

Bronchospasm

Pharmo Drugs Kim (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions