Chapter 14 Patho Flashcards
- What is the definition of Bronchiectasis?
- The abnormal dilation of the bronchi.
- Hyerinflation.
- The abnormal dilation of the bronchi.
- What are the 3 forms of Bronchiectasis?
- Varicose Bronchiectasis (Fusiform), Cylindrical Bronchiectasis (Tubular), Cystic Bronchiectasis (Saccular)
- Bronchiectasis effects which portion/(lobes) of the lung?
The lower lobes.
- Varicose (Fusiform) Bronchiectasis has what type of characteristics?
The bronchial walls have large, irregular shaped distortions. Resembles varicose veins that are dilated and constricted.
- Cylindrical (Tubular) Bronchiectasis has what type of characteristics?
The bronchial walls are dilated. The bronchi do not taper and end abruptly.
- What form of Bronchiectasis is the least severe?
Varicose (Fusiform), Cylindrical (Tubular) or Cystic (Saccular)
Cylindrical Bronchiectasis.
- Cystic (Saccular) Bronchiectasis has what type of characteristics?
Complete destruction of bronchial walls. Normal tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue. Bronchi end in large, cyst-like sacs. Trapped secretions change the airway which leads to the greatest damage to the tracheobronchial tree.
- What form of Bronchiectasis is the most severe?
Varicose (Fusiform), Cylindrical (Tubular) or Cystic (Saccular)
Cystic Bronchiectasis.
- What form of bronchiectasis is this?
Varicose (Fusiform), Cylindrical (Tubular), or Cystic (Saccular)
Cystic (Saccular) Bronchiectasis
(Trapped secretions)
- What are the anatomical alterations of the lungs that are associated with Bronchiectasis?
Chronic dilation and distortion of bronchial airways.
Excessive production of often foul-smelling sputum.
(Anaerobic organisms)
Bronchospasm
Hyperinflation of alveoli (air-trapping).
Atelectasis (to a degree of mucus plugging).
Consolidation and parenchymal fibrosis.
Hemorrhage secondary to bronchial arterial erosion.
- True/False. Most all causes of bronchiectasis include some combination of bronchial obstruction and infection.
True.
- True/False. In the United States, the incidence of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is about 4.2 per 100,000 young adults.
True.
True/False. There are higher incidences of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in under-developed countries.
True.
- What is the #1 cause of Bronchiectasis?
Cystic Fibrosis.
- The causes of Bronchiectasis are classified as:
Acquired bronchial obstruction. Congenital anatomic defects. Immunodeficiency states. Abnormal secretion clearance. Miscellaneous disorders.
- What are the “acquired” causes of Bronchiectasis?
Foreign body aspiration. Tumors. Hilar adenopathy. COPD. Rheumatic disease.
- What are the “congenital” (born with) causes of
Bronchiectasis?
Tracheobronchial abnormalities.
Vascular abnormalities.
Lymphatic abnormalities.
- What are the Immunologic States of Bronchiectasis?
Low levels of immunoglobulin IgG, IgA, and IgM.
- What are the Abnormal Secretion Clearance causes of Bronchiectasis?
Ciliary defects of airway mucosa.
(Kartagener’s syndrome -situs inversus).
(Ciliary dyskinesis).
Cystic Fibrosis.
- What are the Miscellaneous Disorders causes of Bronchiectasis?
Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Recurrent aspiration pneumonia. Inflammatory bowel diseases. Inhalation of toxic fumes. Chronic organ rejection following transplantation.
What is the “gold standard” to confirm Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis?
HR-CT scan.
- The HR-CT scan used to diagnose Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis replaced what method?
The bronchography. (Bronchogram)