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EFRS Class 144 final > Chapter 27: Hazardous Materials > Flashcards

Chapter 27: Hazardous Materials Flashcards

1
Q

Location of Hazmat Bins

A

Stations:1,3,8,9,18,20,22,23,25

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2
Q

NFPA Hazmat standars

A

471(materials),472(responder competency),473(EMS to weapons/materials of mass destruction)

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3
Q

HazMat. definition

A

Any material or substance, which even in normal use, poses a risk to health, safety, property, or the environment

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4
Q

Hazmat can be broken down into 9 primary classes by the United Nations (UN-number…)

A

1: Explosives:6
2: Gasses:3
3: flammable liquids:0
4: Flammable solids:3
5: Oxidizers & Organic Peroxides:2
6: Toxic & Infectious:2
7: Radioactive:0
8: Corrosive:0
9: Miscellaneous:0

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5
Q

Regulations

A

Articles that are referenced by acts

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6
Q

Standards

A

Developed and reviewed by non governmental consensus committees

NFPA

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7
Q

Response training levels

A

1 Awareness: basic: cops,military
2 Operations:defensive: Minimize further impact and ID substances
3 Technicians: offensively trained : stn 10
Specialists:experts in particular substances

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8
Q

HazMats have greatest potential for disaster when

A

they are being shipped

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9
Q

4 types of Hazard Identification

A

Location and Occupancy
Placards, Labels, Markings
Container shape
Your senses: Sight, Smell, Hear

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10
Q

Facility and transport markings

A

Signs: NFPA 704 dimond fixed location
Labels: 10cm x 10cm and on containers =<450L
Placards: diamond shaped 25cm x 25cm used when transporting >450L

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11
Q

Facility and transport markings

A

Signs: NFPA 704 diamond fixed location

Labels: 10cm x 10cm and on containers =<450L

Placards: diamond shaped 25cm x 25cm used when transporting >450L/500kg must be on every side&end
over 4000kg:un number must be shown on placard or orange panel next to or below placard

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12
Q

info on Labels and Placards

A

Symbol
Color
Class#

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13
Q

Background colors

A 
Red: Flammable
Orange: Explosive
White: Toxic/Infectious 
Green: Compressed but non flammable, nontoxic
Blue: reactive
Black: Corrosive
Yellow: Oxidizer
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14
Q

Class 1 Explosives sub-classes

A

1-6
1 being highest risk of detonation
6 being extremely Insensitive

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15
Q

Class 2 Gases: 4 types of & 3 sub classes

A
  • Compressed: gas stored under pressure (O2)
  • Liquefied: by compression (propane)
  • Cryogenic: liquefied by deep refrigeration (liquid nitrogen)
  • Dissolved: stored by adsorption (acetylene)
  1. 1:flammable
  2. 2:non-flammable
  3. 3:Toxic Gas
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16
Q

Class 2 Gases: 4 types of & sub classes

A
  • Compressed: gas stored under pressure (O2)
  • Liquefied: by compression (propane)
  • Cryogenic: liquefied by deep refrigeration (liquid nitrogen)
  • Dissolved: stored by adsorption (acetylene)
  1. 1:flammable
  2. 2:non-flammable
  3. 3:Toxic Gas
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17
Q

Class 4 Flammable Solids

A

4.1: Flammable solid:Aluminum powder
4.2:Substances liable to spontaneous combustion: Wet-rags(oily rag),Activated Charcoal
4.3:Substances which, in contact with water emit flammable gases(dangerous when wet)
Sodium:explodes
Lithium: flammable gases

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18
Q

Class 5 Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides

A
  1. 1: Oxidizer

5. 2: Organic peroxide

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19
Q

Class 6 Toxic & Infectious

A
  1. 1: toxic

6. 2: infectious

20
Q

Shipping Documents: 5 items on them

4SHN

A

4 digit UN number
Shipping Name
Hazard/Class #
Number of Pkgs. Shipped

21
Q

Terminology for various types of shipping

A

Standard:most common
Waste Manifest: haz waste
Air bill: by air: cock pit Pilot
Rail Doc:way bill: rail: rial yard or conductor
Road Doc:way bill: road: driver
Dangerous goods cargo: way bill: by boat/capitan

22
Q

Document Content Response Inormation

A 
Shipping Name
Primary Classification
Secondary Classification 
Product ID#
Packing Group#
Total mass/Volume
# Pkgs.
24hr phone number
Emerg response plan
23
Q

Packing groups

A

Highest Danger
serious Danger
Lowest(but still significant) Danger

24
Q

5 types of Low pressure Facility tank

Cryogenic & High/low pressure Spherical facility tanks

A 
Cone Roof
Floating roof
Internal floating Roof
Lifter roof
Horizontal/low pressure storage tank
25
Q

ERG

A

White: general Info
Yellow: by un-number: to name to orange page
Blue: by Name: to un number to orange page
Orange: potential haz./safety measures/emergency response actions
Green: Inhalation Hazards: provocative action distances : initial isolation distances and protective isolation distances

26
Q

TIH: Toxic Inhalation Hazard

A

gases or volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled includes certain chemical warfare agents & water reactive material which produce gas upon contact with water

27
Q

Incident Command Mode @ Hazmat Indent

A

Offensive : stop release, attack and mitigate problem

Defensive: containment(diking, damming, diverting to reduce impact

Non-intervention: let the incident run its course. balance environmental impact vs responder and public safety

28
Q

6 Tactical Priorities @ hazmat

A 
Rescue
Protection of Exposures
Fire Suppression
Confinement(to an area)
Containment (to a vessle)
Recovery
29
Q

steps to manage a Hazmat scene:

A 
H-hazard ID
A- Action plan
Z-Zoning
M-manage the scene
A- assistance
T-termination
30
Q

3 Zones

A 
Hot Zone(Red): restricted, Danger to life and health, noone can enter until Dcon is set up
Warm Zone: limited access decon zone, this is where decon happens
Cold Zone(Yellow): support area, staging, no public or media
31
Q

Hazmat & Evacuations

managing the scene

A

1) determine who needs it
- ERG orange and Green pages
- Then cross & down wind

2) shelter/Protect in-place
- evac causes greater risk: secure location to min exposure
- Hospitals,Jails,Nursing Homes,Hi-rise

-do not shelter in place when: flammable vapors are present, building cannot be sealed/secured enough,toxic gas will take a long time to clear

32
Q

Defensive actions

scene management

A

Absorption(bonds like a spong), Adsorption(clings/coats surface), Confinement, Dilution, Remote Valve Shutoff, Vapor dispersion, Vapor suppression, Burning off

33
Q

Termination of scene

A
  • Decontamination:all personnel and equipment must be decon.(anything or anyone in the hot zone)
  • Rehabilitation(may be needed in a long scene time)
  • Post Incident Analysis: see how it all went
  • Medical screening: for people exposed
34
Q

pros and Cons of emergency Decon

A

Pro: Quick response time, minimize injury

Cons: quick fix only, may not remove everything, more thorough decon. will need to follow, damages the environment

35
Q

Chronic VS acute

A

Acute: one time occurrence
Chronic: Repeated occurance

36
Q

DOSE

dosage of an exposure can be determined by

A

Chemical+Concentration+Time=Dose

37
Q

List of 7 possible exposures,related energy and effects

A
  • Thermal:temp extremes:Burn/Frost bite
  • Mechanical:Direct contact/Fragments:bruises,cuts,blist.
  • Poisonous:Poison/Toxin:Dam. organs and body systems
  • Corrosive:Chem.:burns,tissue damage
  • Asphyxiation:O2-Diff.:Affect respiratory system
  • Radiation: Radiation:injury to individual/future gen.
  • Etiological: Living Miro-org.:Diseases(hepatitis)
38
Q

how haz mat enter body

A

Inhalation
Ingestion
Contact
Absorbtion

39
Q

Personal Protective Clothing Levels

A

A:Banana suit:resp.,skin,eye protection maxed
B: Max resp,lesser skin(taped zip)splash suit
C:Air filters(apr)splash suit zippers taped
D:Bunker gear, no resp.

40
Q

Contamination through PPE

A

Permeation: molecular level
,Penetration:movement through normal openings
Degradation: physical breakdown of suit

41
Q

Proximity suit vs Fire entry suits

A

Prox: 150-200’C

Fire ent.: up to 1093’C

42
Q

MX4 alarms

A

O2: Low: 19.5% - high 23% range 0-30%
CO: low 25PPM - High 50ppm range 0-500ppm
H2S: low:10 ppm - high 15ppm rang 0-500ppm
LEL: low 10% - high 20% range 0-100%

43
Q

CO

A

colorless orderless

highly flammable 12.5-74% in air auto igniton 609’C

44
Q

CBRNE

A 
Chemical
Biological
Radiological
Nuclear
Explosive
45
Q

Ionizing vs nonIonizing

A 
Ionizing kills cells
Alpha  travel 3-4"
Beta can cover skin with platic, foil will not penn organs 
Neutron travel a few meters 
Gamma worst of them: need lead cement
46
Q

what are 7 causes of O2 deficient atmosphere

A 
Rusting/oxidation
combustion
absorption
bacterial action
chemical reaction
purging agents
poor ventilation

EFRS Class 144 final (35 decks)

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