Chapter 15: Fire Attack

Question 1

Direct attack

Answer 1

Fire stream is applied directly on to the burning fuel

can be direct or indirect

Question 2

When to do direct attack

Answer 2

• Stream can reach seat of fire
• thermal balance is stable and products of combustion are in uppermost levels of structure
• fires fuel is not enclosed
• most of the fuel is in the smoldering stage
• you cannot achieve direct ventilation

Question 3

Indirect Attack

Answer 3

Using the principles of water to steam conversion and expansion to knock down a free burning fire by absorbing heat energy

Question 4

Indirect interior attack

Answer 4

Bank fire stream off ceiling or wall in an attempt to cool down the atmosphere or reduce the intensity of fire.
short bursts in general direction of fire

Question 5

reasons to use a Indirect exterior attack (defensive)

Answer 5

Super heated atmosphere- first control and reduce heat with in structure by deflecting streams towards the seat until proper ventilation is set up
- second, once ventilation is set up proceed inside to the seat of the fire for complete control

do not do if crews or pts are inside

Question 6

Combination Attack

Answer 6

a use of both direct and indirect attacks to control and extinguish

Question 7

Transitional Attack(offensive exterior)

Answer 7

AN Offensive attack Starting from the exterior w/ indirect hand-line op. into fire compartment to initiate cooling while transitioning to an interior attack in coordination with ventilation

Question 8

Combi from interior

Answer 8

FOG FOG FOG PENCIL PENCIL PENCIL to cool surfaces ant atmosphere then close door; allow atmosphere to cool repeat until such time as direct attack can be made

Question 9

Read SMOKE

Answer 9

Volume: alot of smoke = BIG fire, fire progession
Velocity: moves fastest from hottest point= heat & PRESSURE, angry smoke = flashover
Color: can tell you whats burning
Density: how much fuel is involved, smoke is a fuel, = black fire or flash over

Question 10

FIRE STREAM

solid, fog, broken

Answer 10

Defined as a stream of water or other extinguishing agent after it leaves a nozzle until it reaches the desired point

Question 11

solid stream

Answer 11

fixed orifice or smooth board nozzle: compact stream with mix penetration, more nozzle reaction

Pro: grater visibility,better reach & penetration, can have reduced nozzle pressure per liter, thermal layering less likely to be disturbed

Con: Cannot be used w/ foam, fixed pattern, less heat absorption, conductive

Affected by: Air Friction, Wind, Gravity

Question 12

Fog Stream (45-80’)

Answer 12

Stream comprise of very fine water droplets

Affected by: Velocity,Gravity, Pattern,Air friction, wind

Question 13

Stream effectiveness & break over

Answer 13

Streams are effective until the lose forward velocity (break over) the stream loses its original shape and cannot maintain height.

Question 14

Max Stream

Answer 14

Reach=30-34’

Height= maxed out @75’

Question 15

Broken Stream

Answer 15

Course water droplets: good heat adsorption and penetration
15-45’
basements, attics, wall spaces

Question 16

5 causes of defective streams

Answer 16

Insufficient pressure 
Too much pressure
Defective tip
Air in line
Twist/kink in hose near pipe

Question 17

Atmosphere testing

Answer 17

When you enter look for thermal layering,if you feel the heat
go full fog into and give it a quick shot if no water droplets come down the environment is super heated

Question 18

Line selection

Answer 18

Type of fire & fuel
volume needed
Man power
reach
time

Question 19

When advancing a hose line

Answer 19

-select line from transverse
-read smoke(look for back-draft/flash-over)
-All FF to be in safe & ready position before opening a door
-Check door for heat
- Bleed line and have correct nozzle setting
- try not to block ventilation openings
- flake out hose
-

Question 20

How can you tell if a fire stream is working

Answer 20

Darkening down
White smoke/white steam
Rapid temp fluctuation
Decreased visability

Question 21

What is a master stream

Answer 21

A large caliber device used primarily for defensive straegies

3 types Portable, fixed, elevated fixed

Question 22

Master stream appliances flow rates

Answer 22

70 kpa loss

• Deck/Deluge Gun:500kpa(new) 700kpa(old): 2650lpm
• Quick attack: pre-connected 5 lengths of 65mm: 3 settings 950,1400, 1900LPM: 1034kpa
• Ladder 7000lpm @ 1000kpa

Question 23

Exposures

Answer 23

• Near by structures, combustibles, or equipment that could be consumed by fire.

Interior & Exterior : protect with fog or broken streams