Chapter 25 Digetion Flashcards
what are the 5 stages of digestion?
- Ingestion
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Compaction
- Defecation
What are the 2 types of Digestion?
Mechanical - chewing + peristalsis
Chemical - saliva, enzymes, HCL
Chemically what do Polysaccharides, proteins, fats, and nucleic acids get broken down into?
monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose)
amino acids
monoglycerides or fatty acids
nucleotides
which nutrients are ingested in their usable form?
Vitamins, Amino Acids, Minerals, Cholesterol, and Water
My Very Awesome Wife Cleans
nervous network running from esophagus to intestines that regulates tract motility, secretion, and blood flow - CNS exerts some influence on, but the system works independent
Enteric Nervous System
mesenteries
connective tissue sheets that hold the viscera in place, but loose enough for contraction`
dentition
teeth
calcified plaque is called…
calculus
cavities are known as…
Dental Caries
food stimulates oral receptors that trigger…
an involuntary chewing reflex
bolus
ball of food to be swallowed
how many muscles are used for deglutition?
22 in mouth, pharynx, and esophagus
lower esophageal sphincter
opening at stomach - remains closed until food presses on it
known as food storage organ
stomach
bolus devolves into chyme in the….
stomach
pyloric sphincter is found…
and the base/end/bottom of stomach
lack of intrinsic factor is due to…
and autoimmune disease Pernicious Anemis
lack of intrinsic factor is due to…
and autoimmune disease Pernicious Anemia
lack of intrinsic factor is due to…
and autoimmune disease Pernicious Anemia
2 types of cells in gastric pit
chief - secrete gastric lipase and pepsinogen
parietal cells - secrete HCL and intrinsic factor
3 main ingredients in gastric juice
water
HCL
pepsinogen (protein digestion)
reverse peristalsis is involved in what process?
vomiting
duodenum
short first part of small intestine
emetic system is responsible for….
Vomiting
3 defenses the stomach has protecting against acid
tight cell junctions
mucus coat
quick epithelial cell replacement
What is the acid resistant bacteria responsible for stomach ulcers?
Helicobacterpylori
body’s largest gland
Liver
process of forming gallstones
cholelithiasis
fat soluble vitamins
A D E K
biliary calculi
gallstones
Which organ both releases and degrades hormones?
liver
