Chapter 22 Respiration Flashcards
primary function of respiratory system
gas exchange
other functions of respiratory system
- speech
- singing
- smell
- acid-base balance
- regulate blood pressure
- blood and lymph flow
- flood filtration for clots
- expulsion of urine, poop, and children
Valsalva maneuver
take a deep breath and bare down (slows HR)
alveoli
millions of thin-walled sacs for gas exchange - has baskets of capillaries covering
principal organs of respiratory system
- nose
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- lungs
all structures of respiratory system are conductive except…
lungs
name the two divisions of the respiratory system
conductive (moves air along)
respiratory (lungs - diffusion of gas)
which structures are part of the upper respiratory tract?
head and neck - nose -> nostril -> nasal cavity -> hard palate -> soft palate -> pharynx -> epiglottis -> larynx
which structures are part of the lower respiratory tract
organs of thorax - trachea -> bronchi -> lungs
upper section of main conductive tube - contains epiglottis
larynx
what structure ion nasal cavity turbinate the air
nasal conchae
why do we turbinate the air
to warm, moisten, and filter
function of note
warm, clean, humidify air, detect odor, resonating chamber that amplifies voice
olfactory epithelium
structure that detects odors
main traits of respiratory epithelium
- lines nasal cavity (not vestibule)
- ciliated pseudostratified epithelium
- has goblet cells
swell body function
erectile tissues swells (on alternating sides) that fill with blood every 30-60 mins to replenish fluids in tissues
how and what does the nasopharynx do
forms 90 degree angle in tract to trap more particles and filter air
flap of tissue that blocks superior opening of larynx - keeps you from aspirating food
epiglottis
what structure is responsible for Adam’s apple
thyroid cartilage
where are the vocal cords found
larynx
which structure is know as the windpipe
trachea
which type of cartilage are the c rings covering the trachea made of
hyaline
mucocillary escalator
cilia that mush mucus up ion trachea to get in to the point where it can go down into the esophagus
slit on mediastinal surface for entrance of vessels and bronchi
hilum
characteristics of right and left lungs
right has 3 lobes and is shorter to make room for liver
left has 2 lobes and is narrower to make room for heart
respiratory membrane
layers of squamous type 1 cells, basement membrane, and capillary bed
BP in alveoli is kept relatively…
low
2 layered serous membrane covering lungs
pleurae
function of pleurae
reduce friction, create pressure gradient,compartmentalization
difference between quiet and forced respiration
quiet is automatic and run by feedback loop - forced is not always automatic ie speaking running meditating
name the sensor, integrator, and effector of breathing
chemoreceptors in circulatory systems, pons in brainstem, and muscles of respiration (intercostals and diaphragm) in thorax
breathing rate and depth are controlled by…
automatic feedback loops in pons and manual thought in cerebral cortex
atelectasis
collapsed lung
pneumothorax
air in pleural cavity outside of lung
the measure of pulmonary function
spirometry
restrictive disorders
limit the amount that can be inflated ie black lung, TB, emphysema, lung cancer
obstructive disorders
interfere with air flow by narrowing or blocking ie asthma, chronic bronchitis
3 types of alveoli cells are… (and their function)
Squamous Type 1 - for diffusion of nutrients 95%
Great Type 2 - fix type 1 and secrete surfactant 5%
Macrophages - dust busters, most abundant not lung tissue
what drives our respiratory rate?
metabolic demands
how do we make CO2?
burning of glucose and fat leaves behind CO2
too much CO2 makes our pH…
pH goes down and we become acidic
too little CO2 makes our pH…
pH goes up and we become basic
what is MALT and where do we find it?
Mucus Associated Lymphatic Tissue - throughout respiratory tract
90 degree funnel in upper respiratory tract for filtering air is…
Pharynx
vocal cords are located in…
larynx
hilum and root are…
hilum is slit in lung where root (vessels an d passage ways) enter lung
where are the primary chemoreceptors of respiration found?
aorta and corid arteries
