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A&P > Chapter 22 Respiration > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

primary function of respiratory system

A

gas exchange

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2
Q

other functions of respiratory system

A
  • speech
  • singing
  • smell
  • acid-base balance
  • regulate blood pressure
  • blood and lymph flow
  • flood filtration for clots
  • expulsion of urine, poop, and children
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3
Q

Valsalva maneuver

A

take a deep breath and bare down (slows HR)

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4
Q

alveoli

A

millions of thin-walled sacs for gas exchange - has baskets of capillaries covering

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5
Q

principal organs of respiratory system

A
  • nose
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • lungs
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6
Q

all structures of respiratory system are conductive except…

A

lungs

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7
Q

name the two divisions of the respiratory system

A

conductive (moves air along)

respiratory (lungs - diffusion of gas)

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8
Q

which structures are part of the upper respiratory tract?

A

head and neck - nose -> nostril -> nasal cavity -> hard palate -> soft palate -> pharynx -> epiglottis -> larynx

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9
Q

which structures are part of the lower respiratory tract

A

organs of thorax - trachea -> bronchi -> lungs

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10
Q

upper section of main conductive tube - contains epiglottis

A

larynx

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11
Q

what structure ion nasal cavity turbinate the air

A

nasal conchae

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12
Q

why do we turbinate the air

A

to warm, moisten, and filter

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13
Q

function of note

A

warm, clean, humidify air, detect odor, resonating chamber that amplifies voice

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14
Q

olfactory epithelium

A

structure that detects odors

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15
Q

main traits of respiratory epithelium

A
  • lines nasal cavity (not vestibule)
  • ciliated pseudostratified epithelium
  • has goblet cells
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16
Q

swell body function

A

erectile tissues swells (on alternating sides) that fill with blood every 30-60 mins to replenish fluids in tissues

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17
Q

how and what does the nasopharynx do

A

forms 90 degree angle in tract to trap more particles and filter air

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18
Q

flap of tissue that blocks superior opening of larynx - keeps you from aspirating food

A

epiglottis

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19
Q

what structure is responsible for Adam’s apple

A

thyroid cartilage

20
Q

where are the vocal cords found

A

larynx

21
Q

which structure is know as the windpipe

A

trachea

22
Q

which type of cartilage are the c rings covering the trachea made of

A

hyaline

23
Q

mucocillary escalator

A

cilia that mush mucus up ion trachea to get in to the point where it can go down into the esophagus

24
Q

slit on mediastinal surface for entrance of vessels and bronchi

A

hilum

25
Q

characteristics of right and left lungs

A

right has 3 lobes and is shorter to make room for liver

left has 2 lobes and is narrower to make room for heart

26
Q

respiratory membrane

A

layers of squamous type 1 cells, basement membrane, and capillary bed

27
Q

BP in alveoli is kept relatively…

A

low

28
Q

2 layered serous membrane covering lungs

A

pleurae

29
Q

function of pleurae

A

reduce friction, create pressure gradient,compartmentalization

30
Q

difference between quiet and forced respiration

A

quiet is automatic and run by feedback loop - forced is not always automatic ie speaking running meditating

31
Q

name the sensor, integrator, and effector of breathing

A

chemoreceptors in circulatory systems, pons in brainstem, and muscles of respiration (intercostals and diaphragm) in thorax

32
Q

breathing rate and depth are controlled by…

A

automatic feedback loops in pons and manual thought in cerebral cortex

33
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed lung

34
Q

pneumothorax

A

air in pleural cavity outside of lung

35
Q

the measure of pulmonary function

A

spirometry

36
Q

restrictive disorders

A

limit the amount that can be inflated ie black lung, TB, emphysema, lung cancer

37
Q

obstructive disorders

A

interfere with air flow by narrowing or blocking ie asthma, chronic bronchitis

38
Q

3 types of alveoli cells are… (and their function)

A

Squamous Type 1 - for diffusion of nutrients 95%
Great Type 2 - fix type 1 and secrete surfactant 5%
Macrophages - dust busters, most abundant not lung tissue

39
Q

what drives our respiratory rate?

A

metabolic demands

40
Q

how do we make CO2?

A

burning of glucose and fat leaves behind CO2

41
Q

too much CO2 makes our pH…

A

pH goes down and we become acidic

42
Q

too little CO2 makes our pH…

A

pH goes up and we become basic

43
Q

what is MALT and where do we find it?

A

Mucus Associated Lymphatic Tissue - throughout respiratory tract

44
Q

90 degree funnel in upper respiratory tract for filtering air is…

A

Pharynx

45
Q

vocal cords are located in…

A

larynx

46
Q

hilum and root are…

A

hilum is slit in lung where root (vessels an d passage ways) enter lung

47
Q

where are the primary chemoreceptors of respiration found?

A

aorta and corid arteries

A&P (14 decks)

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