Chapter 18 Circulatory System

Question 1

Difference between the circulatory and cardiovascular systems

Answer 1

Circulatory include blood, not just heart and vessels

Question 2

Functions of the circulatory system

Answer 2

Transport
Protect
Regulate

Question 3

2 main components of blood

Answer 3

Plasma (matrix) 
Formed elements (RBC, WBC, platelets

Question 4

List the 7 formed elements in blood

Answer 4

Erythrocytes (RBC)
Platelets (cell fragments)
Neutrophils (WBC)
Eosinophils (WBC)
Basophils (WBC)
Lymphocytes (WBC)
Monocytes (WBC)

Question 5

3 major proteins in blood

Answer 5

Albumin
Globulins (antibodies)
Fibrinogen

Question 6

4 main compounds in plasma

Answer 6

Nitrogenous compounds
Nutrients
Dissolved O2 CO2 and Nitrogen
Electrolytes

Question 7

How viscous is blood?

Answer 7

4.5-5.5 times thicker than blood

Question 8

What happens when the osmolarity of blood is too low? Too high?

Answer 8

Too much water stays in tissue, BP drops and edema occurs

Too high - blood absorbs too much water and raises BP

Question 9

Hypoproteinemia

Answer 9

Too few proteins - could be from starvation, liver or kidney disease, or severe burns

Question 10

Swollen belly in children from hypoproteinemia

Answer 10

Kwashiorkor

Question 11

Ascites

Answer 11

Swollen abdomen from fluid seaping into tissues

Question 12

percentage of RBC in whole blood

Answer 12

hematocrit

Question 13

7 elements needed to absorb and process iron

Answer 13

for absorption of Fe
1 B12 is needed in diet
2. Intrinsic factor is needed from stomach
3. need iron in diet

to process iron into hemoglobin

4. hepcidin form liver
5. B9/Folic acid
6. Vitamin C
7. Copper

Question 14

main steps of feedback loop producing RBC

Answer 14

liver and kidneys sense low O2 -> secrete erythropoetien -> more RBC made in marrow -> stop by spleen -> released to increase O2 transport

Question 15

what is the problem with the feedback loop managing RBC?

Answer 15

it monitors O2 not actual cel;l count, so making more cells may not fix O2 and may cause other issues.

Question 16

polycythemia

Answer 16

excess of RBC - primary form is cancerous, secondary is from lack of o2 and associated feedback loop

Question 17

3 categories of anemia

Answer 17

pernicious - autoimmune, no intrinsic factor made by stomach-> no B12 -> no iron

hypoplastic - slow RBC production

aplastic - RBC destruction

Question 18

3 consequences

Answer 18

tissue necrosis
blood osmolarity reduced -> edema
blood viscosity is low -> HR high, BP low

Question 19

5 leukoctes

Answer 19

My Lazy Brother Eats Nothing
monocytes-inactive floating, metaplase into eaters
lymphocytes-T and B cells, kill tagged cells
basophils-seen with chicken pox and sinusitis
eosinophils-
neutrophils-antibacterial