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A&P > Chapter 16 Sense Organs > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Sense Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Transduce energy sensed in to electrical signal (3 names)

A

transducer, sense receptor, first order afferent neuron

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2
Q

where in the CNS are excess sensations filtered to keep them from our conscious mind?

A

brainstem

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3
Q

4 kinds of info about sensation

A

modality, location, intensity, duration

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4
Q

how does the receptive field affect sensing location?

A

number of sensory neurons in an area determines how accurately we can determine the location of a stimulus

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5
Q

what are the 3 ways our brains interpret intensity?

A

which fibers, how many, how fast

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6
Q

difference between Phasic and Tonic receptors

A

Phasic will adapt rapidly and reduce sensitivity ie Smell of a candle - Tonic will adapt slowly and stimulate more steadily throughout sensation

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7
Q

General Senses’ traits

A

all over body, simple structures

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8
Q

somatic pain

A

more precise, from skin muscles and joints

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9
Q

visceral pain

A

internal, poorly localized, more like stretch, chemo, or ischemia (lack of blood)

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10
Q

pain in viscera often mistakenly ‘felt’ on superficial site

A

referred pain

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11
Q

analgesic

A

pain relieving

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12
Q

name the 3 endogenous opioids

A

Enkephalins, Endorphins, and Dynorphins

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13
Q

how do our endogenous opioids work

A

neuromodulators that block pain and give pleasure

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14
Q

define spinal gating

A

not opening the ‘gate’ at the spinal cord for pain signals - rubbing or applying pressure to change the signal being sent

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15
Q

gustation

A

sensation of taste

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16
Q

transducer of taste

A

taste buds

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17
Q

5 sensations of taste are

A

sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umami

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18
Q

3 main nerves involved in transducing taste

A

lingual (into Facial), gossalpharngeal, vagus

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19
Q

Facial nerve gets sensation from…

A

taste buds on anterior 2/3 of tongue

20
Q

Glossalpharyngeal nerve collects sensation from…

A

taste buds on posterior 1/3 of tongue

21
Q

Vagus nerve collects sensation from…

A

palate, pharynx, and epiglottis

22
Q

olfaction

A

small

23
Q

transducer for smell is

A

olfactory bulb

24
Q

nerve calls are only mitotic in…

A

olfactory bulb exposed to external environment

25
Q

lifespan of olfactory fibers is

A

60 days

26
Q

transducer for hearing is

A

cochlea

27
Q

transducer for equilibrium is

A

semicircular ducts of vestibule

28
Q

ear and ear canal (outer ear) used for

A

directing sound vibrations toward middle and inner ear

29
Q

middle ear has these structures…

A

ossicles - 3 middle ear bones

30
Q

what is the primary function of the ossicles?

A

to dampen sound vibrations to help not overwhelm choclea

31
Q

tympanic membrane

A

ear drum

32
Q

Otitus Media

A

)middle ear infection (technically swelling of middle ear

33
Q

how do we get our sense of equilibrium

A

with 3 semicircular ducts that are in each of the 3 planes

34
Q

what are and define the 2 main types of hearing loss

A

conductive - damage of blockage of the structures that move sound through the ear
Sensorineural - death of hair cells (or other nervous component) usually from long exposure to loud noises

35
Q

what if the transducer for vision?

A

retina

36
Q

membranes that make up the visible white part of the eye - does not go all the way around

A

Conjunctiva

37
Q

lacrimal apparatus

A

makes, distributes, and drains tears

38
Q

Transparent anterior cover

A

Cornea

39
Q

Fluid in anterior cavity of eye - secreted by ciliary body and tea sorbet by sclera venous sinus

A

Aqueous Humor

40
Q

This structure changes shape to focus

A

Lense

41
Q

Eyeball jelly

A

Vitreous body (humor)

42
Q

What are the 2 neural components of vision?

A

Retina (transducer)

Optic nerve

43
Q

Cloudiness of lense

A

Cataract

44
Q

Elevated pressure in eye from poor drainage of aqueous humor - can not be reversed

A

Glaucoma

45
Q

What are the 2 types of photoreceptor cells - only ones that produce visual images

A

Rods and cones

46
Q

Duplicity theory of vision

A

A single type of receptor can not produce both high resolution and and high sensitivity

A&P (14 decks)

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