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A&P > Chapter 24 fluid, electrolyte, and pH balance > Flashcards

Chapter 24 fluid, electrolyte, and pH balance Flashcards

1
Q

what 8 systems help maintain fluid, e-, pH balance?

A
  • urinary
  • respiratory
  • digestive
  • integumentary
  • endocrine
  • nervous
  • cardiovascular
  • lymph
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2
Q

% fluid in ICF and ECF (ECF breakdown)

A 
ICF 65% 
ECF 35%
-25% interstitial
-8% blood and lymph
-2% other (eyes, joints)
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3
Q

what is the most abundant solute in fluids?

A

Electrolytes - Na+ in ECF and K+ in ICF

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4
Q

where are osmoreceptors found?

A

hypothalamus

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5
Q

how does the hypothalamus help regulate fluid balance?

A

stimulates the secretion of antidiuretic hormone from posterior pituitary

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6
Q

our conscious sense of thirst is generated in the…

A

Cerebral Cortex

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7
Q

does sympathetic of parasympathetic control salivation?

A

sympathetic

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8
Q

difference between short term and long term inhibition of thirst?

A

long term - balances osmolarity between compartments

short term - cooling or moistening of mouth (ice chips) to temporarily stop the sensation of thirst (30-45min)

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9
Q

what is the primary hormone that acts directly on water?

A

ADH

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10
Q

what are the 2 main hormones that act on salt?

A

aldosterone=retain salt

Atrial Naturetic Peptide=loose salt

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11
Q

what is the difference between Hypovolemia and Dehydration?

A

Hypovolemia is low water and solutes so osmolarity is maintained
Dehydration is low water levels with regular levels of solutes so osmolarity is high

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12
Q

how does cold weather effect fluid levels?

A

blood vessels constrict to hold heat in core -> baroreceptors sense high BP -> urine output is increased to lower BP

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13
Q

What is the difference between Hypovolemia and Hypotonic Hydration?

A

hypovolemic - high levels of solutes and water and remains isotonic
hypotonic hydration -too much water and regular levels of solutes

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14
Q

which 2 electrolytes are most important for cell excitability? ad which cavity is high in which?

A

Na+ high in ECF and K+ high in ICF

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15
Q

what are 3 addl hormones that act on Na+?

A

estrogen - retains Na+ to help retain water
progesterone - diuretic effect
Glucocorticoids - stress, dump sugar in blood, promote Na+ reabsorption

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16
Q

hat is the most dangerous electrolyte to have imbalance of?

A

K+

17
Q

what percentage of K+ in primary filtrate is reabsorbed?

A

90%

18
Q

how does Cl- effect CO2 levels?

A

Chloride shift - load and unload CO2 from RBC

19
Q

what are the primary functions of Ca+ in the body?

A

bone strength
contraction
exocytosis
clotting

20
Q

calcium will always bind to….

A

phosphorous

21
Q

what do we want Ca+ pumped out of cell?

A

high phosphate in cell and don’t want Ca+ to bind with it and maintain -charge

22
Q

Slight deviation from normal pH can….

A

shut down entire metabolic pathways AND alter the structure and function of macromolecules (DNA and Proteins)

23
Q

do acids of bases release/give H+? which receive H+?

A

acids are donors - bases are receivers

24
Q

increased CO2 leads to… (pH related)

A

increases acidity, decreases pH, eventually cerebral artery constriction

25
Q

decreased CO2 leads to….(pH related)

A

increases alkalinity, increases pH,

26
Q

what are 4 common acids produced by metabolism?

A

Lactic Acid
Phosphoric Acid
Fatty Acids/Ketones
Carbonic Acid

27
Q

what are the bodies 2 physiological buffers?

A

urinary system - buffers large amounts over longer times and has greater effect on body pH
respiratory system - buffers small amounts in a few mins and not great effect on body pH

28
Q

what organ is capable of neutralizing more acids or bases than either the respiratory or chemical buffers?

A

kidneys

29
Q

how is pH level related to K+ levels?

A

Acids donate H+ -> diffuses into cell -> pushes out K+ = bad
Bases receive H+ ->pulls H+ out of cell -> draws K+ into cell = also bad

cells end up depolarized

30
Q

what are the 2 categories of Acid/Base balance

A

Respiratory - acidosis - failure of alveoli - ie.Emphysema
Respiratory - alkalosis - form hyperventalation
Metabolic - acidosis - increased production of metabolic acids - ie. ketoacidosis
Metabolic alkalosis - rare - overuse of Tums or chronic loss of stomach acid

31
Q

list the 5 fluid replacement therapies

A

Drinking water - eas

A&P (14 decks)

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