Chapter 25: Africa, India, and the New British Empire, 1750-1870

Question 1

Who was Rammouhan Roy?

Answer 1

A reformer and advocated Pan-Indian nationalism.

Question 2

What was the ICS and who controlled it?

Answer 2

Indian civil service; bureaucracy. Europeans dominated it.

Question 3

Why did the Europeans keep the princes in luxury?

Answer 3

They didn’t want a rebellion.

Question 4

What was the significance of the Sepoy Rebellion?

Answer 4

The British government took control of India after it, no more East India Company control, new ideas sought to emphasize tradition and reform

Question 5

Why did the sepoys lose their rebellion effort?

Answer 5

They had weak leadership, couldn’t unite, and there was a lot of violence.

Question 6

What caused the Sepoy Rebellion?

Answer 6

Widespread dissatisfaction with British East India Company rule prompted rebellion when animal fat was said to be used to grease the new Enfield Rifle. (Muslims were worried it was pig fat; Hindus were worried it was from cows.)

Question 7

What sentiment grew by 1850?

Answer 7

Nationalism

Question 8

Indian exports?

Answer 8

Cotton, opium, and other raw materials

Question 9

How did Indian infrastructure improve?

Answer 9

The British built canals, railroads, and roads.

Question 10

Explain the Indian/ British textile industry.

Answer 10

Indians grew cotton, British made into textiles and sold it back to them. British made profit.

Question 11

What did the BEIC do to maintain authority?

Answer 11

Took away Indian warriors’ weapons and gave civilian tasks, gave Christian missionaries free reign

Question 12

What were nawabs?

Answer 12

Muslim princes who were under the Mughal emperor.

Question 13

Who created the Zulu kingdom and how did it expand?

Answer 13

Shaka. It was in South Africa and expanded by raiding African neighbors, seizing cattle, and capturing women and kids.

Question 14

What did some Africans do to protect themselves?

Answer 14

Made their own states.

Question 15

What was the Sokoto Caliphate?

Answer 15

a large Muslim state founded in n. Nigeria

Question 16

What happened to Egypt and Ethiopia?

Answer 16

growth and modernization. It started with Muhammad Ali’s technical expertise of the West combined with Islamic religion and cultural traditions.

Question 17

What was the Egyptian printing industry?

Answer 17

Arabic translations of technical manuals, Islamic classics, promoted revival of Arabic writing and literacy

Question 18

What happened to Egypt by the end of Muhammad Ali’s rule?

Answer 18

The population and trade with Europe grew, a new class of educated Egyptians started to replace the old ruling aristocracy

Question 19

What caused the French to invade Algeria?

Answer 19

France failed to repay their debt after Algeria exported grain and olive oil to them. They attacked hoping to increase French nationalism, but they were overthrown and attack from an alien Christian power united Algerians.

Question 20

What did the British do to help end the slave trade?

Answer 20

The British used the navy and enforced, captured and liberated over 160k at Sierra Leone

Question 21

What happened when British patrols ended the slave trade in W. Africa?

Answer 21

Slavers moved to S and E Africa and joined with trade to the Islamic world.

Question 22

What was the deadliest disease in India? What promoted its spread?

Answer 22

Cholera. New technology, like steamboats and railroads allowed for freer movement which promoted the spread. Many Indians saw it as divine punishment for failing to prevent British takeover.

Question 23

How did the Indian National Congress initially seek more rights for Indians?

Answer 23

They sought a higher role for Indians in the Civil Service and decreased military spending to help poverty. They promoted unity among religions and social groups.

Question 24

What was the underlying goal of British imperialism in the 19th century?

Answer 24

Trade, benefitting Britain

Question 25

Where did plantation workers come from after British slave emancipation in 1834?

Answer 25

Between 1834 and 1870, large numbers of Indians, Chinese, and Africans went overseas as laborers. British India was the greatest source of migrant laborers, and British colonies (particularly sugar plantations) were the principal destinations of the migrants.

With the end of slavery, the demand for cheap labor in the British colonies, Cuba, and Hawaii was filled by Indians, free Africans, Chinese, and Japanese workers. These workers served under contracts of indenture that bound them to work for a specified number of years in return for free passage to their overseas destination; a small salary; and free housing, clothing, and medical care.

These new indentured migrants were similar to the European emigrants of the time because they left their homelands voluntarily to make money that they could send or take back home or to finance a new life in their new country. However, people recruited as indentured laborers were generally much poorer than European emigrants, took lower-paying jobs, and were unable to afford the passage to the most desirable areas.

Question 26

Why did most indentured slaves leave their homes?

Answer 26

They got free passage to their overseas destination. were paid a small salary, were given housing, clothing, and medical care.

Question 27

How long usually were the contracts of indenture?

Answer 27

5-7 year