Chapter 24 Neuro Exam Flashcards
Wilson, Andrews, and Hall frames are examples of positioning devices used for:
A) anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion
B) craniectomy for craniosynostosis
C) lumbar hemilaminotomy
D) ulnar nerve transposition
C) lumbar hemilaminotomy
Which retractor has a proximal hook placed in the wound and a distal hook for attachment of a weight or sandbag using a sterile Kerlix roll for suspension?
A) Cloward
B) Greenburg
C) Love
D) Taylor
D) Taylor
What is the name of the set of instruments used for anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion that includes retractors, spreaders, bone dowel cutters, impactors, and others?
A) Cloward
B) Greenburg
C) Mayfield
D) Yasargil
A) Cloward
Which part of the vertebra projects most posteriorly and is often palpable through the skin in the convex areas of the spine?
A) body
B) lamina
C) spinous process
D) transverse process
C) spinous process
What is the name of the outfolding convolutions of the brain?
A) fissures
B) foramina
C) gyri
D) sulci
C) gyri
Which of the following is a result of torn bridging veins between the cerebral cortex and venous sinuses?
A) CSF fistula
B) epidural hematoma
C) subarachnoid hemorrhage
D) subdural hematoma
D) subdural hematoma
For which surgical procedure would petroleum gauze nasal packing be used as part of the dressing?
A) burr holes for evacuation of subdural hematoma
B) carpal tunnel release
C) lumbar microdiskectomy
D) transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
D) transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
Which anatomical structure is the tough band that encases the intervertebral disc material?
A) annulus fibrosis
B) circle of Willis
C) intervertebral foramina
D) nucleus pulposus
A) annulus fibrosis
Which instrument is used to strip and separate the galea and pericranium from the skull before placement of burr holes?
A) #11 scalpel blade
B) #1 Penfield dissector
C) Gigli saw malleable guide
D) Langenbeck periosteal elevator
D) Langenbeck periosteal elevator
What is the name of the structure on which the pituitary gland sits?
A) atlas
B) foramen magnum
C) odontoid process
D) sella turcica
D) sella turcica
What is another name for the first cervical vertebra (C-1)?
A) atlas
B) axis
C) cauda equine
D) odontoid
A) atlas
What is the name of the structure that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
A) cauda equina
B) cavernous sinus
C) choroid plexus
D) corpus callosum
C) choroid plexus
Posterior fossa craniectomy is performed for pathology involving the:
A) cerebellum
B) frontal lobe
C) parietal lobe
D) lateral ventricles
A) cerebellum
What is the distal-most area of the spinal cord or spinal nerves called?
A) corpus callosum
B) filum terminale
C) nucleus pulposus
D) sella turcica
B) filum terminale
Which of the following is used for scalp hemostasis and resembles a Crile or Kelly hemostat except the curve is to the side?
A) Cushing
B) Dandy
C) Leksell
D) Raney
B) Dandy
Which of the following neurosurgical retractors has attachments for malleable brain spatulas and retractors?
A) Adson-Beckman
B) Leyla-Yasargil
C) Scoville
D) Taylor
B) Leyla-Yasargil
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
A) 6
B) 8
C) 10
D) 12
D) 12
Carpal tunnel syndrome is treated by:
A) incising the transverse carpal ligament to decompress the nerve
B) placing Gelfoam between nerve and ligament for padding
C) removing or reshaping the surrounding carpal bones
D) transposing the median nerve out of the bony tunnel
A) incising the transverse carpal ligament to decompress the nerve
Which of the following is the lowest part of the brain stem and contiguous with the spinal cord?
A) hypothalamus
B) medulla oblongata
C) midbrain
D) pons
B) medulla oblongata
Where do most intracranial aneurysms occur?
A) arterial bifurcations
B) tunica media
C) venous sinus
D) venous valves
A) arterial bifurcations
The visual cortex of the brain is located in which region?
A) frontal
B) occipital
C) parietal
D) temporal
B) occipital
Papaverine is used in craniotomy for aneurysm clipping to prevent:
A) clotting
B) hemorrhage
C) infection
D) vasospasm
D) vasospasm
Into which anatomical structure or area is the distal catheter most often inserted in a V-P shunt procedure?
A) peritoneal cavity
B) pleural cavity
C) pulmonary vein
D) pyloric sphincter
A) peritoneal cavity
How many vertebrae are there in the normal adult spine?
A) 12
B) 23
C) 30
D) 33
D) 33
What is the term for a deep groove in the cerebrum that separates the brain into lobes?
A) gyrus
B) fissure
C) sinus
D) sulcus
B) fissure
The instrument called a Kerrison is a(n):
A) clamp
B) rongeur
C) elevator
D) retractor
B) rongeur
Craniosynostosis is a congenital defect involving:
A) blocked ventricular passages
B) failure of neural tube closure
C) pituitary hormone imbalances
D) premature cranial suture closure
D) premature cranial suture closure
Which of the following bilateral paired nerves are the largest in the body and innervate the buttocks and lower extremities?
A) peroneal
B) sciatic
C) trigeminal
D) vagus
B) sciatic
Which of the following are countable surgical sponges used in neurosurgical procedures to protect delicate tissues?
A) compressed Gelfoam
B) Cottonoid patties
C) Kittner dissectors
D) Weck-Cel spears
B) Cottonoid patties
Which of the following is a primary benign tumor that arises from the protective coverings of the brain?
A) astrocytoma
B) ependymoma
C) glioma
D) meningioma
D) meningioma
What is the largest part of the human brain?
A) brain stem
B) cerebellum
C) cerebrum
D) diencephalon
C) cerebrum
Which portion of the normal spinal column has five (5) vertebrae?
A) cervical
B) thoracic
C) lumbar
D) coccygeal
C) lumbar
All of the following are examples of congenital anomalies EXCEPT:
A) arteriovenous malformation
B) craniosynostosis
C) herniated nucleus pulposus
D) intracranial aneurysm
C) herniated nucleus pulposus
Which surgical procedure treats compression of the median nerve by a transverse ligament?
A) anterior cervical diskectomy
B) carpal tunnel release
C) lumbar laminectomy
D) rhizotomy
B) carpal tunnel release
Which portion of the spinal column consists of five fused vertebrae in the average adult?
A) cervical
B) thoracic
C) lumbar
D) sacrum
D) sacrum
What is the name of the measuring device used to assess intraventricular pressure?
A) capnometer
B) manometer
C) oximeter
D) tonometer
B) manometer
What is the name of the dural fold that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum and may be used to delineate surgical approach in reference to it?
A) corpus callosum
B) falx cerebri
C) falx cerebella
D) tentorium
D) tentorium
Which instrument is used to extract pieces of the nucleus pulposus in a diskectomy?
A) Kerrison rongeur
B) nerve root retractor
C) Penfield dissector
D) pituitary rongeur
D) pituitary rongeur
Penfield #1 through #5 are:
A) aneurysm clips
B) dissectors
C) drill bits
D) scalp clips
B) dissectors
Which of the following layered structures has the closest and most intimate contact with the brain?
A) arachnoid
B) dura
C) galea
D) pia
D) pia
When incising the cranium between burr holes, what attachment to the powered craniotome is necessary to prevent injury of underlying tissues?
A) #3 Penfield dissector
B) dural guard with footplate
C) smoke evacuator
D) wire-pass drill bit
B) dural guard with footplate
What is the anatomical area where cerebrospinal fluid circulates over all parts of the central nervous system?
A) circle of Willis
B) epidural space
C) pericranium
D) subarachnoid space
D) subarachnoid space
Which position is usually used for microdecompression endoscopic diskectomy?
A) lateral
B) lithotomy
C) prone
D) supine
A) lateral
Osteophytes are:
A) bony spurs
B) hardened discs
C) liament attachment points
D) malignant spinal tumors
A) bony spurs
What is the name of the dural fold that separates the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum?
A) corpus callosum
B) choroid plexus
C) falx cerebri
D) falx cerebelli
C) falx cerebri
Which of the following is a radiographic diagnostic procedure performed for suspected aneurysm near the circle of Willis?
A) cerebral angiogram
B) electroencephalogram
C) lumbar myelography
D) pneumoencephalography
A) cerebral angiogram
Which diagnostic study demonstrates a herniated disc causing spinal compression and radiographic filling defect?
A) angiography
B) electromyogram
C) myelogram
D) cross-table x-ray
C) myelogram
Which facial sinus is used for surgical approach to a pituitary adenoma rather than traditional craniotomy?
A) ethmoid
B) frontal
C) maxillary
D) sphenoid
D) sphenoid
Which of the following results most often from skull trauma over the middle meningeal artery with symptoms progressing to brain-stem herniation if not treated?
A) arteriovenous malformation
B) intracranial aneurysm
C) epidural hematoma
D) subdural hematoma
C) epidural hematoma
In which procedure are the esophagus, carotid artery, and trachea retracted medially for access to the area of pathology?
A) anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion
B) fronto-temporal craniotomy for aneurysm
C) placement of ventriculo-atrial shunt
D) rhizotomy for intractable trigeminal neuralgia
A) anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion
What part of the body is prepped for ulnar nerve decompression or transposition?
A) anterior neck
B) lower extremity
C) posterior back
D) upper extremity
D) upper extremity
Monro, Sylvius, Magendie, and Luschka are:
A) aqueducts and foramina
B) cranial nerves
C) cranial base fossae
D) neural plexuses
A) aqueducts and foramina
Fiducials placed on bony landmarks are used in which type of neurosurgical procedure?
A) transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
B) insertion of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt
C) stereotactic guided-imagery biopsy
D) selective facet rhizotomy
C) stereotactic guided-imagery biopsy
Which approach is MOST desirable for treatment of herniated cervical disc with subsequent intervertebral fusion?
A) anterior midline
B) anterior medial
C) posterior midline
D) posterior medial
B) anterior medial
The circle of Willis is a:
A) network of connected arteries at the base of the brain
B) structure of supporting connective tissue for the brain
C) complex neural network that connects the two hemispheres of the brain
D) series of channels and foramina within the cerebrospinal fluid network of the brain
A) network of connected arteries at the base of the brain
Which instrument could be used for burr-hole cranial perforation if no powered equipment is available?
A) Cloward bit
B) Gigli saw
C) Hudson brace
D) Penfield dissector
C) Hudson brace
What is the name of the group of spinal nerves that continue from the distal spinal cord at about L-2 in the average adult?
A) cauda equina
B) corpus callosum
C) filum terminale
D) foramen magnum
A) cauda equina
Which anatomical structure is the soft, gelatinous part of the intervertebral disc, which is sent as specimen after diskectomy?
A) annulus fibrosis
B) intervertebral foramina
C) nucleus pulposus
D) posterior longitudinal ligament
C) nucleus pulposus
What is the name of the horseshoe or pin fixation device for neurosurgical cranial positioning?
A) Dandy
B) Layla
C) Mayfield
D) Penfield
C) Mayfield
From which area is an autologous bone graft usually procured for anterior cervical fusion procedures?
A) fibula
B) cervical spinous process
C) iliac crest
D) lumbar spinous process
C) iliac crest
